DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Molina, María Elisa"

Browsing by Author "Molina, María Elisa"

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A methodological approach to couples therapy using a conjoint relational drawing process for the description of and intervention with relational patterns and meaning-attributions
(2019) Molina, María Elisa; Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Fossa, Pablo; Pereira, Ximena; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Puerta, Sofía de la
The consultants’ observation and understanding of relational patterns in couples therapy is a main therapeutic objective and a resource for change. The Conjoint Relational Drawing Process (CRDP) methodology uses a drawing technique to enable the display and efficient observation of relational patterns. It was designed to address the relational process in couples therapy. Two couples participated in making a conjoint drawing that was video-recorded and later observed and analysed by the couple and the therapist and the researchers. The relational pattern descriptions and meaning attributions about the video-recorded drawings were analysed in the therapeutic and research contexts. As a result, new perspectives regarding relational patterns and meaning attributions emerged, revealing modes of interaction that allowed new viewpoints about difficulties and ways forward. This approach for the clinical application of CRDP contributed to the evaluation and intervention in the couples’ therapy, and enabled issues to be defined early in the process
Chilean Spanish version of the State Trait Cheerfulness Inventory (STCI-T-60, trait form): Individual and couple forms
(2014) Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Armijo, Iván; Pereira, Ximena; Molina, María Elisa
The adaptation and validation of a Chilean Spanish version of the State Trait Cheerfulness Inventory (STCI-T-60) including a couple evaluation, is presented. The inventory was developed by Ruch (1990) to measure three traits (cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood), considered to enable exhilaration, which is the main indicator of the sense of humor experience. Ruch suggested studying basic temperamental traits and stable dispositions involved in the possibility of experiencing humor. The inventory was applied to three Chilean samples: a validation sample of 500 adults individuals, evaluated in a stratified manner considering gender, age and socio-economic level; a replication sample of 298 middle-class adults; and a couple sample of 53 middle-class couples. The results showed adequate internal consistency and solid validity of the constructs in all groups. The study contributes to research in the field of the sense of humor from local and transcultural perspectives. The validation of a couple form will contribute specifically contribute to the study of the sense of humor as a couple relational dynamic and its relations with other relational variables.
Desarrollo de inclusión en educación superior desde una perspectiva cultural
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Psicología, 2023) Valenzuela Ramírez, Pilar Antonieta; Molina, María Elisa
La presente tesis se orientó a explicar cómo se desarrolla inclusión en las instituciones de educación superior en Chile. Para ello, se elaboró una comprensión teórica del fenómeno de inclusión en educación desde una perspectiva histórica-cultural del desarrollo humano. De acuerdo a este marco de referencia, la inclusión educativa fue tratada como signo y como objeto de actividad colectiva. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso cualitativo con un diseño de intervención formativa, el cual contempla una aproximación etnográfica y un laboratorio de cambio. Participó una institución de educación superior chilena, que ha destacado por implementar iniciativas en torno a la inclusión. Los resultados sugieren que la inclusión es vivida como un signo que regula experiencias y prácticas en torno a las diversidades dentro de la institución y que su desarrollo está movilizado por contradicciones sistémicas, que se viven en forma de conflictos y dilemas en torno a la manera en que se implementan acciones para favorecer la participación del estudiantado. Asimismo, los resultados indican que durante el laboratorio de cambio, se desplegó un proceso de aprendizaje expansivo que permitió transitar desde tensiones individuales hacia una zona de desarrollo próximo colectivo, que da intención y dirección al trabajo colectivo orientado hacia la inclusión dentro de la institución. Se concluye en torno a las condiciones que favorecen el tránsito desde lo individual a lo colectivo, a los nuevos conceptos o células germinales que catalizan dichas transformaciones y a las nuevas posibles formas de actividad futura que orientan y dan sentido a la actividad presente. Se discute sobre los puentes entre la psicología cultural semiótica y la teoría de la actividad histórica cultural en el campo de la inclusión educativa.
Diálogo en la Psicoterapia: Protocolo para un análisis de Micro-Proceso
(2015) Molina, María Elisa; Del Rio, María Teresa; Tapia Villanueva, Luis
Este estudio aborda el encuentro humano y la construcción de significados que se despliega, desde una perspectiva dialógica y de micro-proceso. Considerando la propuesta de Valsiner (2007) se adopta una perspectiva semiótica, proponiendo un Protocolo de Análisis que describe indicadores que regulan ese proceso. Para esto se observaron momentos de diálogo terapéutico con madres de niños abusados sexualmente. El análisis describe mecanismos en el diálogo que promueven la construcción, restringen y/o potencian significados. Las dialogantes transitaron desde la imposibilidad de acción hacia la generación de alternativas para sus vidas, mostrando variabilidad inter e intra-individual de los procesos de significación. Estas dinámicas intersubjetivas permiten que sí mismo y cultura se encuentren, en un proceso recíproco de influencias hacia la estabilidad y el cambio.
Discursive and Non-discursive Symbolization during couple’s Conflict
(2020) Fossa, Pablo; Molina, María Elisa; Puerta, Sofía de la; Barr, Michelle
The purpose of this article was exploring the role of discursive and non-discursive symbolization - specifically gestures - in the negotiation of differences in couples´ interactions. Five married heterosexual couples were invited to hold a conversation about an unsolved problem in their relationship. A videographic analysis was carried out to explore gestures in dialogical sequences and Microgenetic Semiotic Analysis (ASM) was conducted. The results showed that gestures complemented verbal signs as semiotic devices in the regulation of meaning construction and differences in negotiation, displaying strategies for facing and avoiding conflict, as well as resources for undergoing tension dealing with personal objectives and emotional difficulties; Its role is discussed as preparation of the verbal communicative expression, as devices for selfregulation and access to tension relief. Further, the discussion addresses their function as paths for encounter, mutuality and closeness.
Factors Preventing Gridlock in Chilean Couples Relationships Based on the Discourse of Couples Therapists and Highly Adjusted Couples
(2014) Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Molina, María Elisa; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Cruzat Mandich, Claudia; Pereira, Ximena; Poulsen, Gianella; Sotomayor, Patricia; Armijo, Iván
The term gridlock describes the occurrence of rigid patterns in couples' conflict. This study aimed to describe strategies of conflict resolution and gridlock prevention from the perspectives of couples and couple therapists. Participants were couple therapists and highly adjusted couples scored by the dyadic adjustment scale (DAS), distributed according to traditional and non-traditional position in life and duration of relationships. Conflict gridlock scenarios were used to create video stimulus that were presented to participants. A qualitative methodology was used to analyse couples' and therapists' commentaries on the scenarios. Results showed differences in preventing conflict gridlock among sub-groups of couples. Long-term traditional couples focused on loyalty to a common project and value sacrificing to a higher good; long-term non-traditional couples prioritised caring and validating the bond in the relationship. Short-term traditional couples focused on mutual love and the relief of hurt while short-term non-traditional couples supported the value of equity.
Family Therapy: Clinical Supervision as a Sociocultural Generative Practice
(2022) Molina, María Elisa; Fossa, Pablo; Hojman, Viviana
The present article understands clinical supervision as a sociocultural practice that concerns the construction of meanings and relationships in the field of family therapy, by means of which learning and transformation emerge. This process takes three modalities: the narrative, the live supervision, and the scene supervision, with different aims. The process entails a significant personal relationship together with knowledge and skill learning. It is developed in motion at a multilevel and reciprocal dialogue from individual to culture spheres. The article elaborates on the dynamics of the supervision activity from the theoretical frame of Cultural and Semiotic Mediation Psychology. It makes a revision of different concepts proposing the process of the therapist’s training as triadic, dialogical, and generative of signs and meanings.
Looking at oneself in the mirror of the others. Modelisation and implications of a study on human re- flexivity starting from semiotics and psychoanalysis
(2022) De Luca Picione, Raffaele; Fossa, Pablo; Molina, María Elisa; Lauro-Grotto, Rosapia
The mirror is a very widespread tool in human life. It works as an optical device that recreates the image of an object placed in front of it. The relation of the human being with the mirror is very important: we find a pervasiveness and diffusion of mirrors in everyday life, but also in stories and legends, in folklore and mythology. At a certain step of his development, the child is able to recognise himself in the reflected image of a mirror. We observe a strong cultural intra-subjective and inter-subjective recursivity in the con- struction of the mirroring experience as a model of truth and lie, identity and otherness, knowledge and ignorance. Starting from the debate between two semioticians – Umberto Eco and Juri Lotman – on the semiotic value of the mirror, the authors develop the topic of reflexivity as a psychic process by examining it in the light of various psychoanalytic contributions. Reflexivity and the psychodynamic relationship with one’s own reflected image are developed by centralising the importance of an ongoing and deeply dialogic process between identity and otherness, continuity and transformation.
Madres lesbianas significados en torno a la maternidad y la crianza
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Psicología, 2017) Spaudo Valenzuela, Paulina Cecilia; Molina, María Elisa
Microgenetic Analysis of Thought Trajectories: A Mixed Design
(2021) Fossa, Pablo; Cortés Rivera, Cristian; Molina, María Elisa; Barros, Matías; Muñoz Marcotti, Camila; Sprovera, Isidora; Tapia Novoa, Javier
This article reports the results of an investigation that used a mixed methodology with microgenetic orientation, to observe the genetic development of small acts of thought and their bodily manifestations. A qualitative design was carried out through a videographic record with 10 participants to explore thought trajectories and their genetic unfolding in gestures. In a second moment, a quantitative sequen- tial analysis was conducted with 50 participants, who were invited to the laboratory to participate in a tachistoscopic presentation. The procedure was videotaped and coded, identifying categories of thought and their respective gestural expressions. An analysis of diferent trajectories was carried out to observe the transitions that thought takes and its gestural movements. The results show trajectories in the forms of thought that are investigated through a qualitative microgenetic analysis, which shows the anticipation of verbal meaning through gestures and the transitions back- wards to then advance into more integrated forms of thought. On the other hand, tra- jectories between voluntary and involuntary forms of thought, as well as transitions in verbal and imaginative forms of thought are detected in a quantitative sequence analysis. Finally, the results are integrated and the utility of mixed designs to study the microgenesis of the consciousness phenomenon is discussed.
Momentos de debilitamiento del vínculo terapéutico: un estudio de micro-proceso
(2017) Fossa, Pablo; Molina, María Elisa
El artículo presenta un estudio sobre momentos de debilitamiento del vínculo paciente – terapeuta, ocurridos en el curso del diálogo terapéutico. Se focalizó en momentos del proceso de construcción de significados entre paciente y terapeuta calificados según el criterio de jueces como de debilitamiento del vínculo terapéutico en un proceso psicoanalítico. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa de análisis semiótico de material verbal. Los resultados mostraron fluctuaciones en el vínculo asociadas a dinámicas de regulación de la tensión y ambivalencia. La tensión emerge de las diferencias entre campos de significados y los posicionamientos en torno a éstos por cada actor, interactuando nociones de alta significación personal con otras propias de la cultura. La tensión y la ambivalencia constituyen dinámicas generativas de sentido y significado, afectando el vínculo cuando no son incorporadas al proceso.
Primera entrevista en terapia de pareja: co-construcción de un encuentro situado
(2014) Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Molina, María Elisa
La primera entrevista más que una conversación para obtener información, es un encuentro con el propósito de favorecer la formación de un sistema terapéutico, intersubjetivo y tríadico. Su foco es la experiencia vivida en ese encuentro, como una emergencia del aquí y ahora. Construir un sistema terapéutico consiste en crear un vínculo apoyado en la empatía y la mentalización. Este primer momento aborda aspectos relevantes como el desarrollo de un motivo de consulta y la definición en conjunto con la pareja del problema que viven desde una perspectiva relacional. Esto involucra la identificación de pautas interaccionales, atribución de significados y emociones asociadas, desplegándose un drama en un clima emocional situado. Las situaciones vividas como problema son llevadas a una perspectiva de procesos relacionales y pueden ser comprendidas desde dimensiones, como el apego, la diferenciación, la intimidad emocional, la pasión amorosa y el poder. Esta primera cita es un momento crucial de cronogénesis (co-construcción del tiempo en el aquí y ahora), un momento presente, que reconecta al pasado con sus dificultades y recursos y lo proyecta a nuevas posibles trayectorias de futuro que se inician en este encuentro. Lo que ocurra en este encuentro gravitará notoriamente en el desarrollo de la terapia.
Private Speech and Imagination: The Liminal Experience Between Myself and Others
(2020) Barros, Matías; Fossa, Pablo; Luca Picione, Raffaele de; Molina, María Elisa
This article presents the results of a theoretical investigation that aimed to develop a comprehensive model regarding the phenomenon of imagination and private speech as liminal experiences of consciousness. A theoretical articulation between the phenomena was developed to explain how imagination and private speech allow to make sense in the liminal space between inner and outer worlds. It is concluded that the double role of iconic and verbal signs allows to configure future experiences and to construct meanings in the transitional space between oneself and others. The iconic and verbal signs used in imaginative and private speech processes, respectively, allow to experience situations ‘as if they were real’, and at the same time, to distance from them as a mental play separated from reality. This is all based on an affective matrix which determines the emergence of mental meanings and mental content. This article constitutes a contribution to the study of micro-genetic intrapsychic liminal processes.
Temporality as the co-construction of couple relationship: The regulation of experiential time
(2018) Molina, María Elisa; Tapia-Villanueva, Luis; Fossa, Pablo
A study of temporality in human encounters and specifically in amorous relationships is presented. The article aims to analyze subjective and experiential time, focusing on the relationships and the difficulties involved. A review of the theoretical and phenomenological understanding of temporality that gives rise to the Chronogenesis model is made. The authors describe time processing in a couple’s experience through an analysis of fictional literature and clinical vignettes. Moments of dialogue are addressed to focus on the relationship as an emergent process, the co-construction of the relationship, ‘‘weness,’’ and a sense of future possibilities in which the partners reposition and negotiate.
Therapeutic Link: Approach from Dialogue and Co-Construction of Meaning
(2013) Molina, María Elisa; Ben-Dov, Perla; Diez, María Inés; Farran, Angela; Rapaport, Ety; Tomicic, Alemka
This article deals with the study of therapeutic relation from a dialogical and micro-level perspective. The aim is to describe this dynamics of the ongoing experience, its construction and its relationship with the psychological elaboration that takes place. The verbal interchanges observed through semiotic analysis are the study object. The article illustrates the analysis through an extract of a psychotherapeutic session. The bond is developed through dynamics of positioning of partners in dialogue around dialectic fields of meaning where dynamics of tension, ambivalence and opposition emerge. These dynamics are part of the intersubjective process, which can be redirected from each participant, having the culture a key role in the process.
Towards a Theoretical Model of Trajectories and Transitions of Thought
(2020) Fossa, Pablo; Molina, María Elisa; Jacob, Lina; Gube, Jan; Sawitzk, Franziska
This article develops a theoretical model about the trajectories and transitions of thought from a perspective of semiotic cultural psychology. An integration between the inner speech theory, concept formation, and dialogical self theory was done to explore the particularity of thought transitions. It is concluded that the thought transits in a vertical and horizontal axis—from an irrevocable past to an uncertain future and from the lower levels of consciousness to the higher levels of thought—determined by the nature of inner speech—structural and semantic—the quality of concept formation process and the different dialogical relationships that occur between the I-positions of the self. It is proposed that it is these dynamics of thought that make it an idiosyncratic, historical, and genetic phenomenon, which makes empirical approaches difcult and infuences theorizing about the thinking process.
Transitions of bonding: The borders between hidden roots and visible roads in life course
(2020) Molina, María Elisa
The article explores the phenomenon of transition in a particular human passage, which entails two affective processes, the experience of parenting and the transformation of the couple’s bond. Transition is analyzed as a field of self-movements and transitionalfield-of-the-abject (Hermans and Hermans- Konopka 2010) where new self-positions are co-constructed around oneself and the relationship with ‘the other’ through sharing meanings. The article describes processes of abandoning self-positions, which entail spatial and temporal movements, opening up possibilities to build a conception towards a communal self. Transition is discussed in terms of the indeterminacy of expanding horizons (Boulanger International Journal for Dialogical Science, 10(2), 9–33, 2017a, International Journal for Dialogical Science, 10(2), 117–130, 2017b) where uncertainty and semiotic tension are the drives for life experience and self to evolve. The phenomenon defined as tensegrity (Marsico and Tateo Integrative Psychological Behavior, 51, 536–556, 2017) enables the process towards new meanings of self and the other. The article elaborates on the life-course addressing the dynamics of actual self-regulation and transgenerational resources as crossing axes (Canevaro 1999).
Vínculo Terapéutico: Aproximación desde el diálogo y la co-construcción de significados
(2013) Molina, María Elisa; Ben-Dov, Perla; Diez, María Inés; Farrán, Ángela; Rapaport, Ety; Tomicic, Alemka
El artículo aborda el estudio de la relación terapéutica desde una perspectiva dialógica y de micro-proceso. El propósito del estudio es describir esta dinámica, en la experiencia en curso, su proceso de construcción y su relación con la elaboración psicológica llevada a cabo. El objeto de estudio son intercambios verbales, observados a través de análisis semiótico. El artículo ilustra este análisis tomando un extracto de sesión psicoterapéutica. El vínculo se desarrolla a través de dinámicas de posicionamiento de los actores en el diálogo, en torno a campos dialécticos de significados, donde se genera tensión, ambivalencia y oposición. Estas dinámicas son parte del proceso intersubjetivo, el cual puede ser redireccionado desde cada participante, teniendo la cultura un rol preponderante en este proceso.
What Do We Do When We Discuss? A Micro-genetic Analysis of Couples’ Conflict
(2016) Fossa, Pablo; Molina, María Elisa; Puerta, Sofía de la
This article focuses on dialogic discursive dynamics present in couples’ conversations about unresolved conflicts. The phenomenon of conflict is addressed as a semiotically mediated process of co-construction of the self and the relationship. The purpose of this article is to report on patterns of meaning construction in couples’ conflict, with the identification of strategies that promote or hinder resolution. A qualitative exploratory approach was used to focus on the interactional process at the micro-processing level. Eight married couples participated in the study. The procedure considered asking the couple to discuss unresolved conflict. Recorded data of couples’ dialogues were transcribed to text and assessed through semiotic analysis using a microgenetic protocol (Molina, Del Río, & Tapia, 2015). The results document the use of strategies for conflict regulation such as psychological distancing, opposition, and generalisation on the border between protecting the bond and regulating tension. The dynamics of non-resolution manifested in polarisation and rigid patterns with increased tension. The ‘in-motion’ nature of dialogue about conflict is pushed by the semiotic tension that induces variations in subjective positions manifested in speech and actions.

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