Browsing by Author "Mayer, Kirby"
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Publication Acute skeletal muscle wasting in patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous kidney replacement therapy: A prospective multicenter study(2026) Mayer, Kirby; Teixeira, Pedro; González Seguel, Felipe; Tran, Vinh; Gross, Jessica; Horikawa, Arimitsu; Anil, Chaitanya; Shareef, Zan; Puffer, Hayley; Wen, Yuan; Griffin, Benjamin; Neyra, JavierPurpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) has been hypothesized to increase the risk of developing intensive care unit-associated weakness (ICU-AW), but prospective data are lacking. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study evaluated critically ill adults with AKI requiring CKRT at two U.S. academic hospitals. Using ultrasonography (US), we quantified changes in rectus femoris (RF) muscle mass and quality in the first week after CKRT initiation. At hospital discharge, we assessed for ICU-AW, physical function, and frailty. Results: Twenty-three patients with median age 56 [IQR 47-60] years, BMI 29 [26-36] kg/m2, and Charlson Comorbidity Index 3 [1.5-5] were enrolled. The baseline Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 9 [7.5-11.5] and CKRT duration was 4 [1-7] days. Six (26 %) patients died in the ICU and one (4 %) transitioned to comfort measures before study completion. Substantial muscle wasting occurred between Day 1 and Day 7: RF muscle thickness (mT) decreased by 10 % [3 %-20 %]; RF cross-sectional area (CSA) decreased by 19 % [12 %-22 %]; and echo intensity (EI) increased (implying worse muscle quality) by 14 % [5 %-25 %]. A significant effect of time within subjects was observed for all three ultrasound measures (CSA: F = 66.2, p < 0.001; mT: F = 27.1, p < 0.001; EI: F = 22.5, p < 0.001). At hospital discharge, 67 % of survivors (n = 10/15) met criteria for ICU-AW. Conclusions: Patients with AKI requiring CKRT experienced significant muscle wasting in the first week following CKRT initiation and had high rate of ICU-AW at hospital discharge. Trial registration: NCT05287204, Registered 20 October 2021.Publication Community-Based Rehabilitation and Patient-Centered Outcomes in Survivors of Critical COVID-19 Attending an Intensive Care Recovery Clinic(2025) González, Felipe; Haezebrouck , Evan; Fresenko, Lindsey; Sevin, Carla; Slone, Stacey; Montgomery, Ashley; Kalema, Anna; Ginoza, Lori; Martinez, Clarisa; Martinez, Clarisa; Biehl, Michelle; Kelley, Soibhan; Johnson, Joshua; Mar, Matthew; Mayer, KirbyObjective: To examine the occurrence of physical and cognitive impairments among survivors of critical coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) who attend an intensive care unit (ICU) recovery clinic and describe their utilization of community-based rehabilitation (physical and occupational therapy). Design: Retrospective, observational cohort study and multisite practice analysis. Setting: ICU recovery clinics at 4 academic medical centers. Participants: Adults (median age 56 [interquartile range, {IQR}, 47-64] years, 60% female) surviving acute respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 who required advanced respiratory support. Main outcome measures: Six-minute walk test (6MWT) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: Patients attended the ICU recovery clinic (n=163) in a median of 43 (IQR, 30-60) days after discharge. Ninety-four patients (58%) participated in at least 1 community-based rehabilitation session, 52 (32%) never participated, and 17 (10%) did not have data available. Patients walked a median [IQR] of 282 [150-390] meters on the 6MWT, and the median Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score was 8 [4-11] with 63% of patients classified as physically frail (score ≤9/12). The median MoCA score was 26 [22-27], with 37% at least mild cognitive impairment (score of ≤26). Among patients who were driving before ICU admission, 44% had not returned to driving after hospitalization, and an additional 21% reported driving with new limitations. Patients who participated in at least 1 community-based rehabilitation session had longer ICU lengths of stay as well as worse performance on the 6MWT and SPPB at discharge compared with individuals not receiving postdischarge rehabilitation (P<.001). Conclusions: Survivors of acute respiratory failure caused by critical COVID-19 who attended an ICU recovery clinic are at high risk of physical and/or cognitive impairments. Two-thirds of survivors participated in physical or occupational therapy at home or an outpatient center after hospital discharge. Patients with longer lengths of stay and more physical impairments at discharge are more likely to participate in community-based rehabilitation interventions.Publication Development of an artificial intelligence powered software for automated analysis of skeletal muscle ultrasonography(2025) Calulo, Zoe; González Seguel, Felipe; Horikawa, Arimitsu; Granger, Catherine; Sarwal, Aarti; Dha, Sanjay; Ntoumenopoulos, George; Chen, Jin; Bumgardner, V K; Parry, Selina; Mayer, Kirby; Wen, YuanMuscle ultrasound has high utility in clinical practice and research; however, the main challenges are the training and time required for manual analysis to achieve objective quantification of muscle size and quality. We aimed to develop and validate a software tool powered by artificial intelligence (AI) by measuring its consistency and comparability of expert manual analysis quantifying lower limb muscle ultrasound images. Quadriceps complex (QC) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle images of healthy, intensive care unit, and/or lung cancer participants were captured with portable devices. Manual analyses of muscle size and quality were performed by experienced physiotherapists taking approximately 24 h to analyze all 180 images, while automated analyses were performed using a custom-built deep-learning model (MyoVision-US), taking 247 s (saving time = 99.8%). Consistency between the manual and automated analyses was good to excellent for all QC (ICC = 0.85-0.99) and TA (ICC = 0.93-0.99) measurements, even for critically ill (ICC = 0.91-0.98) and lung cancer (ICC = 0.85-0.99) images. The comparability of MyoVision-US was moderate to strong for QC (adj. R2 = 0.56-0.94) and TA parameters (adj. R2 = 0.81-0.97). The application of AI automating lower limb muscle ultrasound analyses showed excellent consistency and strong comparability compared with human analysis across healthy, acute, and chronic population.Item Evaluating a Muscle Ultrasound Education Program: Theoretical Knowledge, Hands-on Skills, Reliability, and Satisfaction of Critical Care Physiotherapists(2021) González, Felipe; Pinto, Juan José; Ríos, Francisco; Camus, Agustín; Mayer, Kirby; Parry, SelinaProne positioning is a therapy utilized globally to improve gas exchange, minimize ventilator-induced lung injury, and reduce mortality in ARDS, particularly during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Whereas the respiratory benefits of prone positioning in ARDS have been accepted, the concurrent complications could be undervalued. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the adverse events (AEs) related to prone positioning in ARDS and, secondarily, to collect strategies and recommendations to mitigate these AEs. METHODS: In this scoping review, we searched recommendation documents and original studies published between June 2013 and November 2020 from 6 relevant electronic databases and the websites of intensive care societies. RESULTS: We selected 41 documents from 121 eligible documents, comprising 13 recommendation documents and 28 original studies (involving 1,578 subjects and 994 prone maneuvers). We identified > 40 individual AEs, and the highest-pooled occurrence rates were those of severe desaturation (37.9%), barotrauma (30.5%), pressure sores (29.7%), ventilation-associated pneumonia (28.2%), facial edema (16.7%), arrhythmia (15.4%), hypotension (10.2%), and peripheral nerve injuries (8.1%). The reported mitigation strategies during prone positioning included alternate face rotation (18 [43.9%]), repositioning every 2h (17 [41.5%]), and the use of pillows under the chest and pelvis (14 [34.1%]). The reported mitigation strategies for performing the prone maneuver comprised one person being at the headboard (23 [56.1%]), the use of a pre-maneuver safety checklist (18 [43.9%]), vital sign monitoring (15 [36.6%]), and ensuring appropriate ventilator settings (12 [29.3%]). CONCLUSIONS: We identified > 40 AEs reported in prone positioning ARDS studies, including additional AEs not yet reported by previous systematic reviews. The pooled AE proportions collected in this review could guide research and clinical practice decisions, and the strategies to mitigate AEs could promote future consensus-based recommendations.Item Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Contemporary Review(2022) Teixeira, Pedro; Mayer, Kirby; Griffin, Benjamin; George, Naomi; Jenkins, Nathaniel; Pal, Anil; González, Felipe; Neyra, JavierAcute kidney injury (AKI) and intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) are 2 frequent complications of critical illness that, until recently, have been considered unrelated processes. The adverse impact of AKI on ICU mortality is clear, but its relationship with muscle weakness-a major source of ICU morbidity-has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, improving ICU survival rates have refocused the field of intensive care toward improving long-term functional outcomes of ICU survivors. We begin our review with the epidemiology of AKI in the ICU and of ICU-AW, highlighting emerging data suggesting that AKI and AKI treated with kidney replacement therapy (AKI-KRT) may independently contribute to the development of ICU-AW. We then delve into human and animal data exploring the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking AKI and acute KRT to muscle wasting, including altered amino acid and protein metabolism, inflammatory signaling, and deleterious removal of micronutrients by KRT. We next discuss the currently available interventions that may mitigate the risk of ICU-AW in patients with AKI and AKI-KRT. We conclude that additional studies are needed to better characterize the epidemiologic and pathophysiologic relationship between AKI, AKI-KRT, and ICU-AW and to prospectively test interventions to improve the long-term functional status and quality of life of AKI survivors.Publication Trajectories of Recovery after ACutE and cRitical illness (TRACER): a prospective observational study protocol(González-Seguel F, Summers LA, Fresenko LE, Long DE, Scott LN, Slone SA, Shankara Bhaktula S, Wen Y, Miller BF, Morris PE, Salyer AL, Kalema AG, Montgomery-Yates AA, Dupont-Versteegden EE, Mayer KP; TRACER study group Collaborators. Trajectories of Recovery after ACutE and cRitical illness (TRACER): a prospective observational study protocol, 2025) González Seguel, Felipe; Summers, Louisa; Fresenko, Lindsey; Long, Douglas; Scott, Logan; Slone, Stacey; Shankara, Srushan; Wen, Yuan; Miller, Benjamin; Morris, Peter; Salyer, Amy; Kalema, Anna; Montgomery, Ashley; Dupont, Esther; Mayer, KirbyIntroduction: Patients who survive admission to intensive care unit (ICU) for critical illness are at high risk of developing muscle atrophy and weakness, commonly diagnosed as ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW). The development of ICUAW is closely linked to long-term symptoms and impairments known as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). Despite heightened recognition of impairments, there is limited research supporting effective interventions to improve muscle and physical outcomes after hospital discharge. Prior to developing and testing interventions for ICU survivors, it is imperative to understand the trajectory of muscle and physical function recovery following an ICU stay. The purpose of this study is to longitudinally investigate skeletal muscle health and physical function outcomes after ICU admission. Methods and analysis: This protocol describes a single site, prospective, observational study in adult patients who have survived a critical illness (ie, sepsis or acute respiratory failure). Patients will participate in a battery of testing including primary outcomes: muscle power and physical function; and secondary outcomes: muscle strength, muscle size, endurance and physical activity (by accelerometry) at hospital discharge and 3, 6, and 12 months post-discharge. A subset of patients will participate in muscle biopsy and venipuncture. To examine if the trajectory of recovery predicts primary outcomes, we will perform multivariate linear regression models in 150 evaluable patients. To examine differences in molecular and cellular outcomes in plasma and muscle tissue, a control group of community-dwelling adults without history of an ICU stay will be enrolled as a comparator group. Enrolment started on 18 October 2022 with an estimated completion date of 1 August 2027. Ethics and dissemination: This protocol was approved by the University of Kentucky Office of Research Integrity Medical Internal Review Board (# 77407), with patients providing informed written consent. We anticipate our findings to establish recovery trajectories, improving the classification of patients who experience sustained physical disability. Improved identification of recovery trajectories of muscle and physical function enables future studies to employ an individually targeted rehabilitation approach, that is, precision medicine, with the goal of improving patient outcomes. The cellular findings will support the development of novel interventions specifically designed for detecting underlying mechanisms. We intend to disseminate findings to patients, healthcare professionals, the public and other relevant groups via conference presentations and manuscripts without publication restrictions.Item Uninterrupted Actigraphy Recording to Quantify Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Mechanically Ventilated Adults: A Feasibility Prospective Observational Study(2022) González, Felipe; Camus, Agustín; Leiva, Macarena; Mayer, Kirby; Leppe, JaimePurpose: We evaluated the feasibility of quantification of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) using actigraphy during an entire intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. Methods: A prospective study was performed in a 12-bed ICU. Triaxial accelerometers were fitted on the right ankle of mechanically ventilated adults. Twenty accelerometers were available to guarantee uninterrupted actigraphy recording 24 hours/day. Data were analyzed: (1) between awakening and ICU discharge to quantify daytime PA/SB and (2) between admission and ICU discharge to quantify day/nighttime inactivity. Secondarily, we assessed the relationship between inactivity/SB and clinical variables. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled, obtaining 5477 recording hours. No patient reported discomfort or injury. The median (min-max) delay time between admission and accelerometer installation was 2.1 (0.0-11.9) hours. Actigraphy recording duration was 5.4 (2.2-34.4) days. The time spent in SB and PA (percentage of minutes per hour) was 94.7% and 5.3%, respectively. PA was stratified by light, moderate, and vigorous levels equating to 91.8%, 7.7%, and 0.5%, respectively. Inactivity time (r = 0.991, P ≤ .001) and SB (r = 0.859, P ≤ .001) were strongly correlated with ICU length of stay. Conclusions: Quantifying PA levels with continuous monitoring through actigraphy is feasible, demonstrating prolonged periods of inactivity/SB. This study highlights that uninterrupted actigraphy could contribute to pursuing the optimal dose and the intervention fidelity of the ICU mobilization in the subsequent clinical trials