Browsing by Author "Martínez, Cristina"
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Item Analysis of inventory strategies for blood components in a regional blood center using process simulation.(2014) Baesler, Felipe; Nemeth, Matías; Martínez, Cristina; Bastías, AlfonsoBackground The storage of blood components is an important concern in the blood supply chain. Because these are perishable products, the definition of good inventory policies is crucial to reduce shortages and spills. Study Design and Methods To analyze and propose inventory policies in a regional blood center, a discrete event simulation model was created using simulation software ( Arena 12.0, Rockwell Software). The model replicates the activities that are performed along the supply chain including donation arrivals, testing, production, inventory management, and dispatching. Results Twelve different scenarios were analyzed, with each one representing different inventory policies composed of a combination of an optimal inventory, a reorder point, and a level of extra donations. The best scenario demonstrates that it is possible to decrease unsatisfied demand and wastage of red blood cell units by 2.5 and 3%, respectively, when compared to current practices. Conclusions This study shows that simulation is an alternative that can be used to model inventory components in blood centers. A responsible selection of inventory variables can improve the capability of the system to respond to the final patient requirements.Publication Consumo actual de cigarrillos electrónicos entre estudiantes de secundaria que nunca han fumado(2022) Peruga, Armando; Martínez, Cristina; Fu, Marcela; Ballbè, Montse; Tigova, Olena; Carnicer-Pont, Dolors; Fernández, EsteveObjetivo: Examinar si en España el uso de los cigarrillos electrónicos está asociado a la iniciación del consumo de nicotina entre los estudiantes de secundaria. Método: Análisis secundario de datos de la encuesta ESTUDES 2019, estudio transversal realizado a una muestra representativa de estudiantes entre 14 y 18 años. Seleccionamos los alumnos que nunca habían fumado (n=16.705). Calculamos la prevalencia y estimamos los factores asociados al consumo de cigarrillos electrónicos al menos una vez en el mes anterior a la entrevista, con y sin nicotina. Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo actual de cigarrillos electrónicos entre estudiantes que nunca han fumado es del 2,5% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 2,2-2,9). El 0,1% (IC 95%: 0,08-0,2) reportó haber utilizado alguna vez líquidos con nicotina y el 2,4% (IC 95%: 2,1-2,8) siempre sin nicotina. Ser varón, menor de 17 años, hacer botellón y tener amigos habituales que consumen cannabis aumenta la probabilidad de consumo actual de cigarrillos electrónicos. Estas dos últimas variables parecen actuar como variables contextuales asociadas al consumo de cigarrillos electrónicos. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de estudiantes españoles que nunca han fumado, pero que consumen cigarrillos electrónicos actualmente, es menor que en los países de nuestro entorno, a excepción del Reino Unido. Solo uno de cada 1000 estudiantes españoles de secundaria que nunca han fumado se inicia en el consumo actual de nicotina con un cigarrillo electrónico. No obstante, debemos vigilar cómo evoluciona este indicador.Item Proceso logístico productivo de un centro de sangre regional: modelamiento y análisis(2011) Baesler, Felipe; Martínez, Cristina; Yaksic, Eduardo; Herrera, ClaudiaBackground: The blood supply chain is a complex system that considers different interconnected elements that have to be synchronized correctly to satisfy in quality and quantity the final patient requirements. Aim: To determine the blood center maximum production capacity, as well as the determination of the necessary changes for a future production capacity expansion. Material and Methods: This work was developed in the Blood Center of Concepcion, Chile, operations management tools were applied to model it and to propose improvement alternatives for the production process. The use of simulation is highlighted, which permitted the replication of the center behavior and the evaluation of expansion alternatives. Results: It is possible to absorb a 100% increment in blood demand, without making major changes or investments in the production process. Also it was possible to determine the subsequent steps in terms of investments in equipment and human resources for a future expansion of the center coverage. Conclusions: The techniques used to model the production process of the blood center of Concepcion, Chile, allowed us to analyze how it operates, to detect "bottle necks", and to support the decision making process for a future expansion of its capacity (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139: 1150-1156).Item The Tobacco Control Scale as a research tool to measure country-level tobacco control policy implementation(2020) Feliu, Ariadna; Fernández, Esteve; Baena, Antoni; Joossens, Luk; Peruga, Armando; Fu, Marcela; Martínez, CristinaINTRODUCTION The Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) was designed for advocacy purposes but has also been used as a research tool. In the present study, we characterized TCS use, its limitations and strengths, and critically assessed its use as a research instrument. METHODS We conducted an extensive search of the biomedical databases PubMed and Web of Science for the keyword ‘tobacco control scale’ in all fields. The search was limited to studies published in the period March 2006 to December 2019. Out of 69 hits, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted information from each publication regarding their general characteristics, publication and research aspects, and the characteristics of the use of the TCS. RESULTS We found that researchers have used the TCS as a tool to monitor tobacco control policies mainly in cross-sectional observational studies with ecological and multilevel designs directed to advocacy and the promotion of further research. Different outcomes, such as smoking prevalence and quit ratios, have been associated with tobacco control policy scores. The main reported limitations of the TCS were a low variance across countries and a failure to express enforcement and to incorporate the most recent legislation. CONCLUSIONS The TCS has been commonly used to assess differences in outcomes according to tobacco control policies. However, there are still areas for improvement in its use in research regarding the lack of comparability of TCS scores across time. The lessons that have been learned should be used to adapt and expand the TCS overseas.Publication Transitions in smoking status in nursing students: A prospective longitudinal study(2023) Laroussy, Kenza; Castellano, Yolanda; Fu, Marcela; Baena, Antoni; Feliu, Ariadna; Peruga, Armando; Margalef , Mercè; Aldazabal, Jon; Tigova, Olena; Galimany, Jordi; Puig, Montserrat; Moreno, Carmen; Bueno, Albert; López, Antonio; Roca, Judith; Saura, Judith; Fernández, Esteve; Martínez, CristinaAim: To describe transitions in smoking status and their determining factors among nursing students between baseline (2015-2016) and follow-up (2018-2019). Design: Observational prospective longitudinal study of 4381 nursing students in Catalonia (Spain). Methods: We examined transitions in smoking status from: (i) current smokers to recent quitters, (ii) never smokers to new smokers and (iii) former smokers to quitters who relapsed. We fitted logistic regression models to assess the predictors of quitting smoking. Results: The proportion of current smokers decreased from 29.7% at baseline to 23.6% at follow-up, with a cumulative incidence rate of quitting of 28.3% during follow-up. Nondaily smokers were more likely to quit than daily smokers. Of those who were never smokers at baseline, 4.6% were smokers at follow-up, and 23.2% of former smokers at baseline had relapsed at follow-up. Conclusions: Nondaily smokers were more likely to have quit smoking at follow-up among this cohort of nursing students. The early implementation of a comprehensive tobacco control program that includes tobacco-free campus policies, tobacco prevention interventions and cessation support during college years may decrease tobacco use among nursing students. Impact: Nursing students' tobacco use is concerning, as they are the future workforce of nurses who have a key role in tobacco product use prevention and cessation. During college years, nursing students have a greater likelihood of experimenting with several smoking status changes as well as to consolidate smoking behaviors. This is the first longitudinal study to highlight the factors associated with quitting smoking among a cohort of Spanish nursing students. Being a nondaily smoker at baseline predicted quitting at follow-up. Our findings support the early implementation of a comprehensive tobacco control program that includes tobacco-free campus policies, tobacco prevention interventions and tobacco cessation support during college years to decrease tobacco product use prevalence among nursing students. Reporting method: We have adhered to STROBE guidelines. No Patient or Public Contribution. This observational study has not been registered.