Browsing by Author "Mandakovic, Vesna"
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Item Ambitious Entrepreneurship and Its Relationship with R&D Policy in Latin American Countries(2021) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Mandakovic, VesnaIn this chapter, we explore how different R&D policies and related mechanisms are associated with high ambitions innovative entrepreneurship activities in the particular context of Latin America and the Caribbean. We use a longitudinal approach, with a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression procedure. The data comes mainly from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project, and the Global Competitiveness Index. The sample covers 14 countries from Latin America and the Caribbean between 2006–2017. The results provide empirical insights about the firm and individual characteristics that explain the likelihood of being an innovative and ambitious entrepreneur. We also find that narrowed policies in addition to an innovation-driven environment, also increase the creation of ambitious entrepreneurs. In this chapter, we discuss some implications for policymakers that want to enhance local entrepreneurial framework conditions.Item Are migrants in/from emerging economies more entrepreneurial than natives?(2021) Guerrero, Maribel; Mandakovic, Vesna; Apablaza, Mauricio; Arriagada, VerónicaThe academic debate in migrant entrepreneurship has mainly focused on movements from emerging economies into developed economies. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that the highest impact is generated by migrants in/from emerging economies. To extend this academic discussion in the Latin-American context, this study investigates why migrants are more entrepreneurial than natives. By adopting the human capital and the institutional approach, we theorize that individual and environmental conditions produce selection/discrimination effects in the host labour market. Consequently, these effects influence migrants’ decision to become entrepreneurs. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 13,368 adults between the ages of 18–64 based across the 16 Chilean regions. Our results showed that being a high-skilled migrant in a dynamic emerging economy is not a guarantee of success in the labour market, but it is a determinant of international and necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Several implications and a provocative discussion emerged from these findings.Publication “As if it were home”: An exploratory study of the role of homesickness among migrant entrepreneurs(2023) Poblete, Carlos; Mandakovic, Vesna; Apablaza, MauricioA common pattern observed in the psychological literature on migrants is homesickness, yet there is a lack of research examining if this phenomenon has any effect in the entrepreneurship sphere. This study begins to fill this gap with an inductive approach examining the Venezuelan migratory wave in Chile. Methodologically, we conduct an oral history analysis of 18 Venezuelan entrepreneurs’ narratives to explore the reasons they built their entrepreneurial ventures and the mechanisms underlying this process. Based on our findings, we show that homesickness can become an enabler that links entrepreneurs with a (latent unsatisfied) demand by facilitating the entrepreneurial ideation process. This phenomenon occurs because the engagement between individuals is heightened when they experience homesickness. On the one hand, we notice that homesick entrepreneurs enhance three resources that contribute to the entrepreneurial ideation process: (1) rhetorical skills, (2) affective empathy, and (3) adaptive attitude. On the other hand, two features also facilitate interaction from the demand side: (1) customer persona and (2) cohesive community identity. Thus, our results suggest that migrant entrepreneurs gain trusted partners based on shared homesickness. Consequently, a more efficient and effective entrepreneurial ideation process is generated.Item Effects of Employment protection legislation on the ability to downsize: Firms in weaker position are most affected?(2015-05-26) Mandakovic, Vesna; Flores, YarelaThe research on downsizing has focused either on the causes or on the effects of downsizing on firms’ performance. This paper empirically investigates how the interaction between increasing employment protection legislation (EPL) and firms’ attributes affects downsizing decisions, our hypothesis are founded in the fact that the negative effect of EPL in downsizing can be attenuated or enhanced in the presence of heterogeneous attributes of firmsItem Entrepreneurship Policy and Its Impact on the Cultural Legitimacy for Entrepreneurship in a Developing Country Context(2015) Mandakovic, Vesna; Cohen, Boyd; Amorós, José ErnestoItem Experts in Entrepreneurship: Opportunities and Context Evaluation from the Perspective of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs(2020) Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Mandakovic, VesnaPurpose—This paper analyzes how different experts in entrepreneurship perceive their surrounding environment and business opportunities. The authors suggest that people act the way they do not only because of different interpretations of the environment but also because of the relative importance they give to the context and themselves in their mental scripts. Design/methodology/approach—A Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test and PCA were conducted to examine the National Expert Survey (NES) from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database of Chilean experts. Findings—When experts in entrepreneurship are compared, entrepreneurs and nonentrepreneurs differ in their use of certain cognitive resources about past or current events, but they map out future situations similarly, suggesting that their mental simulations may converge into similar patterns. Originality/value—This study provides useful insights regarding the impact that mental representation has on experts’ perception, by discussing how experts who are entrepreneurs perceive the entrepreneurial ecosystem and current opportunities differently than experts who are not entrepreneurs. The specific context plays a key role in the way entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs analyze their surrounding environment but not necessarily opportunities.Item Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Mujeres y actividad emprendedora en Chile 2017(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2017) Mandakovic, Vesna; Romani, Gianni; Santander, Paulina; Serey, Tomás; Soria, KarlaSegún datos del reporte GEM Mujer 2017, el porcentaje de emprendedoras con negocios en fases iniciales es de 19,6%, mientras que en 2005 eran 8%, es decir las mujeres que lideran emprendimientos en etapas iniciales en Chile se duplican en el transcurso de una década. En una senda similar, también se destaca lo que ha ocurrido en la Encuesta Nacional de Expertos (NES), pues al preguntar si hombres y mujeres están igualmente expuestos a buenas oportunidades para comenzar un negocio o empresa, se observa que ha aumentado de manera considerable el porcentaje de expertas que manifiestan estar de acuerdo con esa afirmación, ya que hace diez años un 20% de las mujeres consultadas consideraban que existía igualdad de oportunidades, mientras que en la actualidad esa visión representa al 55% de las expertas.Item Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Reporte Nacional de Chile 2015(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2015) Mandakovic, Vesna; Abarca Montero, Adriana; Amorós, José Ernesto; Mandakovic, Vesna; Abarca Montero, Adriana; Amorós, José ErnestoItem Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Reporte Nacional de Chile 2016(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2016) Mandakovic, Vesna; Serey, TomásEsta edición de GEM Chile 2016 revela que en el país sigue prevaleciendo una visión favorable hacia el emprendimiento. De hecho, un 24,2% de la población adulta declara estar en la fase inicial de alguna actividad emprendedora y un 8% manifiesta encontrarse en alguna actividad ya establecida (más de 42 meses de vida). En lo que respecta a la actividad intraemprendedora, desde el año 2013 se ha mantenido en alza alcanzando en la presente medición un 5,4% de la población adulta, porcentaje que es levemente superior al de los países basados en la innovación. Asimismo, un 44,7% de la población adulta que no declara ser emprendedora en la actualidad, señala la intención de iniciar un negocio dentro de los próximos tres años. Este porcentaje sigue siendo alto respecto a otras economías de América Latina y el Caribe, y Europa, pero presenta un retroceso respecto a los últimos años en Chile, cuando la tasa de intención de emprender era de un 50%Item Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Reporte Nacional de Chile 2017(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2017) Mandakovic, Vesna; Serey, Tomás; Mandakovic, Vesna; Serey, TomásLa edición 2017 del GEM Chile muestra una paulatina consolidación del emprendimiento como palanca de desarrollo económico y social en el país. El indicador central que calcula el GEM, el Total de Actividad Emprendedora en Etapas Iniciales (TEA), se ubicó en 23,8%. Luego de un proceso de aumento que se venía manifestando desde fines de la década anterior, y que registró un significativo incremento a contar de 2010, se observa una cierta estabilización de esta variable. De esta forma, aproximadamente 1 de cada 4 chilenos entre 18 y 64 años de edad manifiesta estar participando en un emprendimiento en sus etapas iniciales (menos de 42 meses de vida).Item Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: reporte regional del Biobío 2014-2015(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2016) Abarca Montero, Adriana; Espinoza Benavides, Jorge; Mandakovic, Vesna; Rojas Quezada, Patricio; Yáñez Valdés, ClaudiaItem Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: reporte regional del Biobío 2015-2016(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2016) Abarca Montero, Adriana; Espinoza Benavides, Jorge; Mandakovic, Vesna; Rojas Quezada, Patricio; Yáñez Valdés, ClaudiaItem Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: reporte regional del Biobío 2016-2017(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2017) Baier Fuentes, Hugo; Espinoza Benavides, Jorge; Mandakovic, Vesna; Serey, Tomás; Yáñez Valdés, Claudia; Baier Fuentes, Hugo; Espinoza Benavides, Jorge; Mandakovic, Vesna; Serey, Tomás; Yáñez Valdés, ClaudiaA diferencia de años anteriores, la región del Biobío se ubica por sobre el porcentaje nacional con un 51,7% de la población adulta que percibe buenas oportunidades para iniciar un negocio (50,4% a nivel nacional). Así y todo, llama la atención que un buen porcentaje de habitantes de la región del Biobío, considera que el ser emprendedor es una opción de carrera deseable y reconocen que los emprendedores exitosos son reconocidos positivamente (71.8% y 69.7%, respectivamente). Junto con lo anterior, la región del Biobío muestra un avance respecto a años anteriores en lo referente a la intención emprendedora entre aquellos no involucrados en alguna actividad emprendedora, ya que sobrepasa levemente la media nacional con un 45.5% (44,7% a nivel nacional)Item Innovative outcomes from migrant entrepreneurship: a matter of whether you think you can, or think you can’t(2020) Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Mandakovic, VesnaThe entrepreneurship literature has exposed some of the most influential antecedents of innovative entrepreneurship. Prior research has also identified crucial features of migrant entrepreneurship. This article employs lessons from these two areas and draws on social cognitive theory to explore the main drivers of innovative ventures among migrants. We center the attention on entrepreneurs, differentiating them between two management strategies: imitation or innovation; and we study the role of perceived self-efficacy, prior entrepreneurial experience, and social capital into the likelihood of acting innovative. For our empirical analysis, we primarily use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for three years covering 2016–2018 and gathering 5713 observations of early-stage entrepreneurs from Chile. Our estimations show that being a migrant is in itself an insufficient condition to influence seeking substantial differentiation from what is traditionally offered in the local market; instead, we confirm that a migrant who feels capable of successfully starting a business will be likely to conduct innovative entrepreneurship. Contributions of these findings for theoretical and practical advances of the field are discussed.Item Local entrepreneurial ecosystems as configural narratives: A new way of seeing and evaluating antecedents and outcomes(2020-07) Muñoz, Pablo; Kibler, Ewald; Mandakovic, Vesna; Amorós, José ErnestoThis paper develops and applies a new evaluative approach to local entrepreneuriale cosystems, as configural narratives. We examine how configurations of local entrepreneurial ecosystem attributes, as evaluated by local experts, support or hinder the emergence of new and innovative firms. Drawing on sociology of place, we present a novel configurational comparative analysis of local experts’ evaluation of their ecosystems in Chile. Our proposed approach to entrepreneurial ecosystems helps us uncover two counterintuitive findings and so elaborateon interferences that have not yet been addressed through conventional concepts, methods and data. First, we reveal three distinct ecosystem types explaining different local levels of new firm activity: Active self-propelled, Indulged and Passive self-absorbed. The internal composition of these types change when only innovative and high growth firms are taken into consideration. Second, we show why, when seen as configural narratives, ecosystem attributes that have been assumed necessary play only a peripheral role. Our study demonstrates a split picture against seemingly similar outcomes and homogenous local contexts, contributing to the advancement of entrepreneurial ecosystem theory, observation and assessment.Publication Local entrepreneurial ecosystems as configural narratives: A new way of seeing and evaluating antecedents and outcomes(2022) Muñoz, Pablo; Kibler, Ewald; Mandakovic, Vesna; Amorós, José ErnestoThis paper develops and applies a new evaluative approach to local entrepreneuriale cosystems, as configural narratives. We examine how configurations of local entrepreneurial ecosystem attributes, as evaluated by local experts, support or hinder the emergence of new and innovative firms. Drawing on sociology of place, we present a novel configurational comparative analysis of local experts' evaluation of their ecosystems in Chile. Our proposed approach to entrepreneurial ecosystems helps us uncover two counterintuitive findings and so elaborateon interferences that have not yet been addressed through conventional concepts, methods and data. First, we reveal three distinct ecosystem types explaining different local levels of new firm activity: Active self-propelled, Indulged and Passive self-absorbed. The internal composition of these types change when only innovative and high growth firms are taken into consideration. Second, we show why, when seen as configural narratives, ecosystem attributes that have been assumed necessary play only a peripheral role. Our study demonstrates a split picture against seemingly similar outcomes and homogenous local contexts, contributing to the advancement of entrepreneurial ecosystem theory, observation and assessment.Item Necessity or opportunity? the effects of State fragility and economic development on entrepreneurial efforts(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2017-06) Amorós, José Ernesto; Ciravegna, Luciano; Mandakovic, Vesna; Stenholm, PekkaThis paper studies the effects of state fragility and economic development on necessity and opportunity-based individual entrepreneurial efforts. We contribute to the literature on the contextual determinants of entrepreneurship by examining multilevel data on 956,925 individuals from 51 countries for the period of 2005–2013. We show that state fragility has a positive effect on necessity-based entrepreneurial efforts while hindering opportunity-based efforts. Our findings illustrate that the level of economic development moderates the relationship between state fragility and necessity-driven entrepreneurial efforts reducing the likelihood of the latter. We discuss the implications for theory and for pro-entrepreneurship policyItem R+D transfer, policy and innovative ambitious entrepreneurship: evidence from Latin American countries(2019) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Mandakovic, VesnaIn this article, we explore the effectiveness of government intervention, R+D, and pro- innovation mechanisms in the likelihood of being an innovative entrepreneur with high ambitions of growing, in the particular context of Latin America and the Caribbean. We use a longitudinal approach, with a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression procedure. The data comes mainly from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Global Competitiveness Index. The sample covers 14 countries from Latin America and the Caribbean between 2006-2015. The results provide empirical insights about firm and individual characteristics that explain the likelihood of being an innovative and ambitious entrepreneur. We also find that effective and narrowed policies in addition to an innovation-driven environment, also increases innovative-ambitious entrepreneurs. The paper includes implications for policy makers that want to enhance local entrepreneurial framework conditions.Item Radiografía de la Empresa Familiar en Chile(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2015-06-09) Mandakovic, Vesna; Jiménez, Gonzalo; Arriagada, VerónicaLa presente investigación buscar salvar la brecha de información existente en cuanto al conocimiento de la empresa familiar en Chile, permitiendo su mayor inclusión en el debate público y contribuyendo al creciente interés internacional asociado a la relación entre empresa familiar y políticas públicas (Durenberger, 2009; Craig & Moores, 2010; European Commission, 2011; Kamei & Dana, 2012; Hamid & Fuad, 2013)Item Social problem scale, public investment and social entrepreneurship action(2022) Kimmitt, Jonathan; Muñoz, Pablo; Mandakovic, VesnaPurpose. Social entrepreneurs engage in action because they want to solve social problems. Consequently, it is expected to see more social entrepreneurship in contexts with the most severe social problems. This paper argues that this is an oversimplification of the problem- action nexus in social entrepreneurship and that action does not necessarily correspond to the observed scale of social problems. Drawing on the theoretical framing of crescive conditions, it highlights that this relationship is affected by forms of public investment as institutions that distinctively promote engagement and public interest amongst social entrepreneurs. Thus, this paper assesses the relationship between varying levels of social problems and social entrepreneurship action, and how and to what extent public investment types – as more and less locally anchored crescive conditions - affect this relationship. Design/methodology/approach. The hypotheses are tested with a series of random-effects regression models. The data stems from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s 2015 social entrepreneurship survey and Chile’s 2015 National Socioeconomic Characterisation Survey. The authors combined both data sets and cross-matched individual-level data (action and investment) with commune-level data (social problem scale) resulting in unique contextualised observations for 1,124 social entrepreneurs. Findings. Contrary to current understanding, this study finds that social entrepreneurship action is positively associated with low social problem scale. This means that high levels of deprivation do not immediately lead to action. It also finds that locally anchored forms of investment positively moderate this relationship, stimulating action in the most deprived contexts. On the contrary, centralised public investment leads to increased social entrepreneurial action in wealthier communities where it is arguably less needed. Originality. The findings contribute to the literature on social entrepreneurship action in deprived contexts, social and public investment as well as policy-level discussion, and broader issues of entrepreneurship and social problems