Browsing by Author "Knipper, Michael"
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Publication “Border closure only increased precariousness”: a qualitative analysis of the efects of restrictive measures during the COVID‑19 pandemic on Venezuelan’s health and human rights in South America(2023) Cabieses, Báltica; Rocha, Teresita; Olivari, Carla; Martínez, Alejandra; Knipper, MichaelBackground: In 2010, a political and social crisis pushed thousands of Venezuelans out of their country; today, seven million Venezuelans live abroad. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, border closure increased and affected specific vulnerable migration flows, such as Venezuelans trying to migrate to Chile through the Northern borders. In this context, there is little evidence of migrants' health status and needs, their access to health services, and other basic needs (e.g., housing) from a human rights perspective. Therefore, we qualitatively explored the effects of border closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic on Venezuelan migrants' health and human rights, focusing on access to healthcare in the Northern Chilean border that adjoins Peru and Bolivia. Methods: Following a case-study qualitative design, we conducted an ethnography that included participatory observation of relevant sites (e.g., hospitals, main squares, migrant shelters) in Antofagasta, Iquique, and Arica and 30 in-depth interviews with actors in the health sector (n = 7), experts from the non-governmental sector (n = 16), and governmental actors (n = 7) in three large cities close to the Northern border. Results: We found four main dimensions: (i) border and migration processes, (ii) specific groups and intersectionality, (iii) barriers to healthcare services, and (iv) regional and local responses to the crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Programs characterized by the presence of healthcare providers in the field were essential to attend to migrants' health needs at borders. Conclusions: Coordination between actors is crucial to implement regional protocols that respond to current migration phenomena and migrants' health needs. Health policies using a human rights approach are urgently required to respond to migrants' healthcare needs at borders in South AmericaPublication Borders and liminality in the right to health of migrants in transit: The case of Colchane in Chile and Necoclí in Colombia(2024) Jaramillo Contreras, Andrea Carolina; Cabieses, Báltica; Knipper, Michael; Rocha Jiménez, TeresitaThe absence of the right to health of migrants in transit has evolved into a significant global health concern, particularly in the border regions thus, this study aims to improve knowledge in this area by exploring the effects of the spatio-temporal liminal characteristics at borders in the achievement of the right to health of migrants in transit moving across two of the most transited and dangerous borders in Latin America: Colchane (Chile-Bolivia) and the Dari´en Gap (Colombia-Panamá). Through a qualitative descriptive multi-case study, we implemented 50 semi-structured interviews (n = 30 in Chile and n = 20 in the Dari´en/Necoclí) involving national, regional, and local stakeholders. The findings highlight that the fulfilment of the right to health of migrants in transit is hindered by liminal dynamics at the borders. These dynamics include closure of borders, (in)securities, uncer tainty and waiting, lack of economic resources, lack of protection to all, liminal politics, and humanitarian in terventions. These findings surface how the borders’ liminality exacerbates the segregation of migrants in transit by placing them in a temporospatial limbo that undermines their right to health. Our study concludes that not just the politics but also the everyday practices, relationships and social infrastructure at borders impedes the enjoyment of the right to health of distressed migrants in transit. The short-term humanitarian response; illicit dynamics at borders; migratory regulations; and border and cross-border political structures are some of the most significant determinants of health at these borderlands.Item LANCET Migration nodo Latinoamerica. Rendición del primer periodo Mayo 2020 a abril 2022(2023) Knipper, Michael; Cabieses, Báltica; Lancet MigrationDesde Lancet Migration, a través de la creación de nodos regionales, se tiene la intención de apoyar la formación de una iniciativa global inclusiva que reúna a investigadores locales y regionales, la sociedad civil, organismos no gubernamentales, organizaciones multilaterales y los propios migrantes. El objetivo es fomentar la formación de prioridades regionales para la investigación sobre migración y salud y traducirlas en acciones comunitarias y a nivel regional, teniendo en cuenta los contextos y el idioma locales.Item Migration and health in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond(2021) Bojorquez, Ietza; Cabieses, Báltica; Arósquipa, Carlos; Arroyo, Juan; Cubillos Novella, Andrés; Knipper, Michael; Orcutt, Miriam; Sedas, Ana Cristina; Rojas, KarolPublication The impact of stigma and discrimination-based narratives in the health of migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review(2023) Cabieses, Báltica; CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA; Rada, Isabel; Belo, Karoline; Rojas, Karol; Araoz, Candelaria; Knipper, MichaelStigma and discrimination-based narratives have been associated with adverse health outcomes. Migrants and refugees face multiple barriers to accessing healthcare, influenced by stigma and discrimination-based narratives against them. We conducted a scoping review of scientific and grey literature (n = 61) to discuss available evidence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) concerning communication and narrative speeches related to international migration and its implications for population health, particularly when associated with stigma and discrimination against migrants and refugees. We found that a better understanding how communication and narratives might affect migrants’ experience while transiting or residing in a different country is valuable for public health and health systems performance aims. Our review depicts the multilevel and dynamic effects of stigma and discrimination-based narratives against migrants in Latin America, highlighting the urgent need for transformative and constructive social and healthcare narratives around migration to promote population health in the region.