Browsing by Author "Julio, Natalia"

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    Advancing toward water security: addressing governance failures through a metagovernance of modes approach
    (2022) Julio, Natalia; Figueroa, Ricardo; Ponce Oliva, Roberto
    Water security (WS) is a desirable goal of ensuring a sufcient quantity and quality of water for life-supporting processesand the development of society. However, achieving WS is a complex challenge that must be addressed in an integrated andinterdisciplinary way. Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) could be a means to achieve WS if it is supported by thedevelopment of an appropriate adaptive governance process that emphasizes more collaborative and coordinated actions andrecognizes river basins as complex social-ecological systems. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between WS and thehybrid conceptualization of hierarchical, market and network governance, namely metagovernance of modes. Here the threegovernance modes are best coordinated by a public metagovernor, who is a key actor in avoiding typical governance failures,helping it become an efective approach to implement adaptive river basin management. The context-specifc attribute ofmetagovernance of modes, and the situationally optimal mixtures that it provides, seem to make it the most suitable alterna-tive to deal with complexity, uncertainty and constant change. We propose that social-ecological components and processesin river basins must be integrated through sound combinations of these three governance modes, which could determine theadoption of a specifc adaptive management instrument, according to the problem to be solved. Further research is neededto understand how metagovernors could achieve better coordination and how to best address context-specifc interventionstrategies
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    Nexus Thinking at River Basin Scale: Food, Water and Welfare
    (2021) Ponce Oliva, Roberto; Fernández, Francisco J.; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Arias Montevechio, Esteban; Julio, Natalia; Stehr, Alejandra
    Water resources face an unparalleled confluence of pressures, with agriculture and urban growth as the most relevant human-related stressors. In this context, methodologies using a Nexus framework seem to be suitable to address these challenges. However, the urban sector has been commonly ignored in the Nexus literature. We propose a Nexus framework approach, considering the economic dimensions of the interdependencies and interconnections among agriculture (food production) and the urban sector as water users within a common basin. Then, we assess the responses of both sectors to climatic and demographic stressors. In this setting, the urban sector is represented through an economic water demand at the household level, from which economic welfare is derived. Our results show that the Nexus components here considered (food, water, and welfare) will be negatively affected under the simulated scenarios. However, when these components are decomposed to their particular elements, we found that the less water-intensive sector—the urban sector—will be better off since food production will leave significant amounts of water available. Moreover, when addressing uncertainty related to climate-induced shocks, we could identify the basin resilience threshold. Our approach shows the compatibilities and divergences between food production and the urban sector under the Nexus framework.
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    Water Resources and Governance Approaches: Insights for Achieving Water Security
    (2021) Julio, Natalia; Figueroa, Ricardo; Ponce Oliva, Roberto
    Integrated river basin management (IRBM) has been proposed as a means to achieve water security (WS), maximizing economic and social well-being in an equitable manner and maintaining ecosystem sustainability. IRBM is regulated by a governance process that benefits the participation of different actors and institutions; however, it has been difficult to reach a consensus on what good governance means and which governance perspective is better for achieving it. In this paper, we explore the concept of “good water governance” through the analysis of different governance approaches: experimental (EG), corporate (CG), polycentric (PG), metagovernance (MG) and adaptive (AG) governances. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) water governance dimensions (effectiveness, efficiency and trust and engagement) as a “good enough water governance” that regards water governance as a process rather than an end in itself. Results indicate that each of the five governance theories presents challenges and opportunities to achieve a good governance process that can be operationalized through IRBM, and we found that these approaches can be adequately integrated if they are combined to overcome the challenges that their exclusive application implies. Our analysis suggests that a combination of AG and MG encompasses the OECD water governance dimensions, in terms of understanding “good enough water governance” as a process and a means to perform IRBM. In order to advance towards WS, the integration of different governance approaches must consider the context-specific nature of the river basin, in relation to its ecologic responses and socioeconomic characteristics.

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