Browsing by Author "Jaramillo, Karina"

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    Memoria Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud: PROESSA/CESGI. 2015-2022
    (Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-ICIM. Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, 2022) Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Bernales, Margarita; Pérez, Claudia; Markkula, Niina; Attalah, Celeste; Pedrero, Víctor; McIntyre, Ana María; Oyarte, Marcela; Chandía, Sabrita; Flaño, Javiera; Chepo, Macarena; Covarrubias, Trinidad; Astorga, Sofía; Ajraz, Nassim; Gálvez, Piedad; Carreño, Alejandra; Larenas, Daniel; Darrigrandi, Florencia; Agurto, Herleyn; Correa, Eliana; Moena, Olaya; Molina, Xaviera; Bussenius, Pascale; Sepúlveda, Camila; Urrutia, Carla; Blucakz, Alice; Silva, Claudia; Jaramillo, Karina; Rada, Isabel; Rodriguez, Cecilia; Alvarez, María Inés; Oliva, Alejandra; Vezzani, Francisca; Madrid, Paula; Roberts, Antonia; Campaña, Carla
    Programa interdisciplinario de investigación con foco en diversos procesos sociales que impactan en la salud poblacional en Chile y la región. Parte del Instituto de Ciencias e Innovaciones Médicas, ICIM, de la Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo.
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    Psychotherapy and Genetic Neuroscience: An Emerging Dialog
    (2018) Jiménez, Juan P.; Botto, Alberto; Herrera, Luisa; Leighton, Caroline; Rossi, José L.; Quevedo, Yamil; Silva, Jaime R.; Martínez, Felipe; Assar, Rodrigo; Salazar, Luis A.; Ortiz, Manuel; Ríos, Ulises; Barros, Paulina; Jaramillo, Karina; Luyten, Patrick
    Recent research in psychiatric genetics has led to a move away from simple iathesisstress models to more complex models of psychopathology incorporating a focus on gene–environment interactions and epigenetics. Our increased understanding of the way biology encodes the impact of life events on organisms has also generated more sophisticated theoretical models concerning the molecular processes at the interface between “nature” and “nurture.” There is also increasing consensus that psychotherapy entails a specific type of learning in the context of an emotional relationship (i.e., the therapeutic relationship) that may also lead to epigenetic modifications across different therapeutic treatment modalities. This paper provides a systematic review of this emerging body of research. It is concluded that, although the evidence is still limited at this stage, extant research does indeed suggest that psychotherapy may be associated with epigenetic changes. Furthermore, it is argued that epigenetic studies may play a key role in the identification of biomarkers implicated in vulnerability for psychopathology, and thus may improve diagnosis and open up future research opportunities regarding the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs as well as psychotherapy. We review evidence suggesting there may be important individual differences in susceptibility to environmental input, including psychotherapy. In addition, given that there is increasing evidence for the transgenerational transmission of epigenetic modifications in animals and humans exposed to trauma and adversity, epigenetic changes produced by psychotherapy may also potentially be passed on to the next generation, which opens up new perspective for prevention science. We conclude this paper stressing the limitations of current research and by proposing a set of recommendations for future research in this area.
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    Self-Knowledge Dim-Out: Stress Impairs Metacognitive Accuracy
    (2015) Reyes, Gabriel; Silva, Jaime R.; Jaramillo, Karina; Rehbein, Lucio; Sackur, Jérôme
    Modulation of frontal lobes activity is believed to be an important pathway trough which the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response impacts cognitive and emotional functioning. Here, we investigate the effects of stress on metacognition, which is the ability to monitor and control one's own cognition. As the frontal lobes have been shown to play a critical role in metacognition, we predicted that under activation of the HPA axis, participants should be less accurate in the assessment of their own performances in a perceptual decision task, irrespective of the effect of stress on the first order perceptual decision itself. To test this prediction, we constituted three groups of high, medium and low stress responders based on cortisol concentration in saliva in response to a standardized psycho-social stress challenge (the Trier Social Stress Test). We then assessed the accuracy of participants' confidence judgments in a visual discrimination task. As predicted, we found that high biological reactivity to stress correlates with lower sensitivity in metacognition. In sum, participants under stress know less when they know and when they

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