Browsing by Author "Hoffmeister, Lorena"
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Publication Factores de riesgo de ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en pacientes mayores de 45 años hospitalizados en el Hospital Herminda Martín de Chillán: Estudio de caso-control(2024) Caro, Patricia; Hoffmeister, Lorena; Lavados, PabloObjetivo: Identificar factores de riesgo asociados al primer infarto cerebral en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Herminda Martín de Chillán, Región de Ñuble. Método: Estudio de caso-control con base hospitalaria realizado en el Hospital Herminda Martín de Chillán. Se seleccionaron 89 casos incidentes de Accidente Cerebrovacular y 178 controles pareados por edad y sexo. Los factores de riesgo estudiados fueron presencia de hipertensión, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, presencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, malnutrición por exceso, consumo de tabaco, exposición a ambiente con humo de tabaco, consumo de alcohol, sedentarismo en tiempo libre, inasistencia a controles de salud y baja adherencia a dieta mediterránea. Se realizó una regresión logística condicional y se determinó el riesgo atribuible en expuestos y poblacional. Resultados: 69% son de sexo masculino, la edad promedio fue 71,8+13,9 años. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el consumo de alcohol (OR 1,98 IC95%1,07-3,64) y la probabilidad de ocurrencia de un primer infarto cerebral. De cada 100 personas de la población estudiada, se evitan 19 casos de infarto cerebral (RAP 0,19 IC95% 0,09-0,27) si se mantiene la presión arterial sistólica por debajo de los 140 mmhg y 28 casos (RAP 0,28 IC95% 0,009-0,27) si se elimina el consumo de alcohol. Conclusión: La presión arterial elevada y el consumo de alcohol son factores de riesgo modificables a través de políticas públicas estructurales e individuales, las cuales junto a un fortalecimiento de la red de salud son necesarios para generar un plan de prevención primaria del infarto cerebral.Item Incidence, risk factors, prognosis, and health-related quality of life after stroke in a low-resource community in Chile (ÑANDU): a prospective population-based study(2021) Lavados, Pablo; Hoffmeister, Lorena; Moraga, Ana M.; Vejar, Angélica; Vidal, Carolina; Gajardo, Constanza; Portales, María Bernardita; San Martín, Daniela; López, Eduardo; Rojo, Alexis; Olavarría, Verónica V.; Almeida, Juan; Brunser, Alejandro M.; Muñoz Venturelli, Paula; Hoppe, Arnold; Díaz, Violeta; Sacks, ClaudioBackground Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The best estimates of local, national, and global burden of stroke are derived from prospective population-based studies. We aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors, long-term prognosis, care, and quality of life after stroke in the Ñuble region of Chile. Methods We did a prospective community-based study with use of multiple overlapping sources of hospitalised, ambulatory, and deceased cases. Standardised diagnostic criteria were used to identify and follow up all cases occurring in the resident population of the Ñuble region, Chile (in a low-income rural-urban population including predominantly people of Indigenous-European heritage), for 1 year. Participants were included if they had a clinical diagnosis of stroke confirmed according to the study criteria. All cases were adjudicated by vascular neurologists. Incidence rates of first-ever stroke were calculated from the population of Ñuble according to the 2017 national census. Findings From April 1, 2015, to March 31, 2016, we ascertained 1103 stroke cases, of which 890 (80·7%) were first-ever incident cases. The mean age of patients with first-ever stroke was 70·3 years (SD 14·1) and 443 (49·8%) were women. A CT scan was obtained in 801 (90%) of 890 patients (mean time from symptom onset to scan of 13·4 h (SD 29·8). The incidence of first-ever stroke age-adjusted to the world population was 121·7 (95% CI 113·7–130·1) per 100 000. The age-adjusted incidence rates, per 100000 inhabitants, by main pathological subtypes were as follows: ischaemic stroke (101·5 [95% CI 90·9–113·0]); intracerebral haemorrhage (17·9 [13·5–23·4]), and subarachnoid haemorrhage (4·2 [2·1–7·3]). The 30-day case-fatality rate was 24·6% (21·9–27·6). At 6 months after the stroke, 55·9% (432 of 773) of cases had died or were disabled, which increased to 61·0% (456 of 747) at 12 months. Health-related quality of life in survivors was low at 6 months, improving slightly at 12 months after the stroke. Interpretation The incidence of stroke in this low-resource population was higher than our previous finding in northern Chile and within the mid-range of most population-based stroke studies. This result was due mainly to a higher incidence of ischaemic stroke, probably associated with increasing age and a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the population studied. Our findings suggest that more should be done for the prevention and care of stroke in communities like the Ñuble population. Funding The National Agency for Research and Development and the Technology-Health Research Fund, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb, The Herminda Martin Clinical Hospital of Chillán, Universidad Mayor, and Universidad de Concepción.Item Minimum intravenous thrombolysis utilization rates in acute ischemic stroke to achieve population effects on disability: A discrete-event simulation model.(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Hoffmeister, Lorena; Lavados, Pablo; Mar, Javier; Comas, Merce; Arrospide, Arantzazu; Castells, XavierBACKGROUND: The only pharmacological treatment with proven cost-effectiveness in reducing acute ischemic stroke (AIS) associated disability is intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator but it's utilization rate is still low in most of the world. We estimated the minimum thrombolysis utilization rate needed to decrease the prevalence of stroke-related disability at a population level by using a discrete-event simulation model. METHODS: The model included efficacy according to time to treatment up to 4.5h, and four scenarios for the utilization of intravenous thrombolysis in eligible patients with AIS: a) 2%; b) 12% c) 25% and d) 40%. We calculated the prevalence of AIS related disability in each scenario, using population based data. The simulation was performed from 2002 to 2017 using the ARENA software. RESULTS: A 2% utilization rate yielded a prevalence of disability of 359.1 per 100,000. Increasing thrombolysis to 12% avoided 779 disabled patients. If the utilization rate was increased to 25%, 1783 disabled patients would be avoided. The maximum scenario of 40% decreased disability to 335.7 per 100,000, avoiding 17% of AIS-related disability. CONCLUSION: The current utilization rate of intravenous thrombolysis of 2% has minimal population impact. Increasing the rate of utilization to more than 12% is the minimum to have a significant population effect on disability and should be a public policy aim.Item Performance measures for in-hospital care of acute ischemic stroke in public hospitals in Chile(BioMed Central, 2013) Hoffmeister, Lorena; Lavados, Pablo; Comas, Merce; Vidal, Carolina; Cabello, Rodrigo; Castells, XavierBackground: The aim of this study were to describe acute care of ischemic stroke patients and adherence to performance measures, as well as the outcomes of these events, in a sample of patients treated in public hospitals in Chile. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients with ischemic stroke from a sample of seven public hospitals in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. We analyzed adherence to the following evidence-based measures: clinical evaluation at admission, use of intravenous thrombolysis, dysphagia screening and prescription of antithrombotic therapy at discharge. As outcome measures we analyzed post-stroke pneumonia and 30-day casefatality. We used a logistic regression model by each outcome with generalized estimating equations, which accounted for clustering of patients within hospitals and included sex, age (years), clinical status at admission (reduced level of consciousness, speech disturbance, aphasia and hemiplegia), comorbidities, dysphagia screening and neurological evaluation at admission as measures of acute stroke care. Results: We reviewed the charts of 677 patients, of which 52.3% were men. The mean age was 69.8 years in women and 66.3 years in men. Diagnosis of stroke was confirmed by a computed tomography scan within 4.5 hours of symptom onset in only 9.6% of the patients. Intravenous thrombolysis was administered in 1.7%. Dysphagia screening was performed in 12.1% (95% CI 9.7-15.0) and antithrombotic therapy was prescribed in 68.9% (95% CI 64.6-72.9). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 23.6% (95% CI 20.4-27.2). Thirty-day fatality was 8.7% (95% CI 6.7-11.3). The variables independently associated with 30-day case fatality were age (OR 1.08, 95% 1.06-1.10), pneumonia (OR 7.7, 95% 95% CI 4.0-14.7), aphasia (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.6), reduced level of consciousness (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.4), and speech disturbance (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9). No association was found between 30-day case fatality and dysphagia screening or neurological evaluation at admission. The factors associated with post-stroke pneumonia were female sex (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.3), age (OR 1.04 95% CI 1.03-1.05), diagnosis of diabetes (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.4), aphasia (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.7), hemiplegia (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), and reduced level of consciousness on admission (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.1-5.5). No association was found between pneumonia and dysphagia screening or neurological evaluation at admission. Conclusions: Adherence to evidence-based performance measures was low. Administration of intravenous thrombolysis was particularly low and diagnostic confirmation of ischemic stroke was delayed. The occurrence of post-stroke pneumonia was frequent and should be reduced. To improve acute stroke care in Chile, organizational change in the health service is urgently needed.Publication Stroke symptoms, risk factors awareness and personal decision making in Chile. A national survey(2022) Navia, Víctor; Mazzon, Enrico; Olavarría, Verónica; Almeida, Juan; Brunser, Alejandro; Lavados, Pablo; Hoffmeister, Lorena; Muñoz Venturelli, PaulaBackground: Knowledge about stroke symptoms, correct decision in front of a stroke case and recognition of stroke risk factors are crucial to fight against stroke burden. We aimed to assess the stroke awareness among a sample of the Chilean population. Methods: A closed-ended questions structured survey was applied in November 2019 using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system. Probabilistic sample, random selection and stratification for region was used. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between participants' characteristics and responses. Results: Of 706 participants, only 74.4% (95% CI 70.9-77.5) recognized at least one typical stroke symptom. Most (586, 82.4% 95% CI 75.2-89.7) chose to contact the emergency ambulance or directly go to the emergency department in case of a stroke symptom and recognized at least one risk factor (692, 97.9% CI 96.7-98.8). In multivariable analysis, sociodemographic characteristics associated to a worse recognition of at least one stroke symptom were being men (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.96), being 55 years old or older (OR 0.59 95% CI 0.37-0.93) and from the lowest socioeconomic level (SES) (OR 0.33 95% CI 0.16-0.67). Female sex was associated with lower stroke risk factor knowledge (OR 0.64 95% IC 0.47-0.87). Participants who recognized at least one typical stroke symptom and would promptly seek care at an emergency department differed significantly between SES (p=0.001) and age groups (p=0.035). Conclusions: We found insufficient knowledge about stroke symptoms and best decisions making in the Chilean population. We describe gaps that can be targeted in future stroke awareness campaigns. There is a need to strengthen tailored stroke education particularly for underserved populations.