Browsing by Author "Gardelle, Vincent de"

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    Hydrocortisone decreases metacognitive efciency independent of perceived stress
    (2020) Reyes, Gabriel; Vivanco-Carlevari, Anastassia; Medina, Franco; Manosalva, Carolina; Gardelle, Vincent de; Silva, Jaime R.; Sackur, Jérôme
    It is well established that acute stress produces negative effects on high level cognitive functions. However, these effects could be due to the physiological components of the stress response (among which cortisol secretion is prominent), to its psychological concomitants (the thoughts generated by the stressor) or to any combination of those. Our study shows for the first time that the typical cortisol response to stress is sufficient to impair metacognition, that is the ability to monitor one’s own performance in a task. In a pharmacological protocol, we administered either 20 mg hydrocortisone or placebo to 46 male participants, and measured their subjective perception of stress, their performance in a perceptual task, and their metacognitive ability. We found that hydrocortisone selectively impaired metacognitive ability, without affecting task performance or creating a subjective state of stress. In other words, the single physiological response of stress produces a net effect on metacognition. These results inform our basic understanding of the physiological bases of metacognition. They are also relevant for applied or clinical research about situations involving stress, anxiety, depression, or simply cortisol use.
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    The Confidence Database
    (2020) Rahnev, Dobromir; Desender, Kobe; Lee, Alan L. F.; Adler, William T.; Aguilar-Lleyda, David; Akdoğan, Başak; Arbuzova, Polina; Atlas, Lauren Y.; Balcı, Fuat; Bègue, Indrit; Birney, Damian P.; Brady, Timothy F.; Calder-Travis, Joshua; Chetverikov, Andrey; Clark, Torin K.; Davranche, Karen; Denison, Rachel N.; Double, Kit S.; Bang, Won Ji; Duyan, Yalçın A.; Faivre, Nathan; Fallow, Kaitlyn; Filevich, Elisa; Gajdos, Thibault; Gallagher, Regan M.; Gardelle, Vincent de; Gherman, Sabina; Haddara, Nadia; Hainguerlot, Marine; Hsu, Tzu-Yu; Hu, Xiao; Iturrate, Iñaki; Jaquiery, Matt; Kantner, Justin; Koculak, Marcin; Konishi, Mahiko; Koß, Christina; Kvam, Peter D.; Kwok, Sze Chai; Lebreton, Maël; Reyes, Gabriel
    Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for characterizing a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor, and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations, and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analyzed in multiple software packages. Each dataset is further accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (available at osf.io/s46pr) contained 145 datasets with data from over 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. We show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimation for several foundational confidence-related effects.

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