Browsing by Author "Gallardo, Alejandra"

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    Concordance of Helicobacter pylori Detection Methods in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents
    (2025) Cabrera, Camila; Campusano, Yanira; Torres, Joaquín; Ivulic, Dinka; Galvez, Valeria; Tapia, Diego; Rodríguez, Vicente; Lagomarcino, Anne; Gallardo, Alejandra; Alliende, Francisco; Toledo, Marcela; Román, Gabriela; Jaime, Francisca; González, Mónica; Marchant, Pamela; Rojas, Marianela; Juanet, Juan Ignacio; Villanueva, Mónica; Ossa, Juan Cristóbal; Del Canto, Felipe; Viver, Tomeu; O’Ryan, Miguel; Lucero, Yalda
    Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection globally, acquired mostly during childhood. It is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Due to challenges in culturing H. pylori, diagnostic reference standards often rely on combining ≥2 non-culture, biopsy-based methods. Histology with Giemsa staining is widely used in clinical settings due to its low cost and reliable performance. Methods: This study evaluated the concordance between histology with Giemsa staining as the reference standard and other diagnostic methods, including the rapid urease test (RUT), ureA RT-PCR, 16S sequencing, and anti-H. pylori serum IgG. Positive percent of agreement (PPA), negative percent of agreement (NPA) and concordance kappa index were calculated. Results: A total of 120 patients (41 positive and 79 negative by Giemsa staining) were analyzed. Among the methods tested, RT-PCR for ureA showed the best performance (PPA = 94.7%, NPA = 98.6%, kappa = 0.939), while RUT underperformed compared with expectations (PPA = 65.9%, NPA = 97.5%, kappa = 0.681). Serology had the lowest performance (PPA = 53.7%, NPA = 96.1%, kappa = 0.548). Conclusions: The combination of histology with Giemsa staining and ureA RT-PCR achieved the highest detection rate and strongest agreement.
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    Hallazgos imagenológicos en diverticulosis y diverticulitis apendicular. Serie de casos
    (Sociedad Argentina de Gastroenterología, 2017) Schiappacasse, Giancarlo; Whittle, Carolina; Leiter, Francisca; Cortes, Claudio; Gallardo, Alejandra; Cavalla, Cristian
    Summary: The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging findings of appendiceal diverticula and its different forms of presentation and a brief review of the literature. Material and methods: A retrospective search was made in the database of the Department of Images of our institution over a period of 8 years, selecting those studies with the diagnosis of appendiceal diverticulosis or diverticulitis. Results: We obtained a sample of 6 cases, 4 were male and 2 female. The median age was 52 years (range: 42-81). Four cases were uncomplicated appendicular diverticulosis diagnosed in barium enema. The fifth case presented appendiceal diverticulitis complicated with perforation, whose diagnosis was made with computed tomography. The sixth case corresponded to acute appendicitis with appendiceal diverticulosis, whose diagnosis was established with abdominal ultrasound. Both cases of acute abdominal presentation had histological confirmation of the surgical specimen. Conclusion: Appendiceal diverticulosis and diverticulitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pain in the right iliac fossa. Knowledge of the imaging findings may allow preoperative diagnosis.
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    Pseudoquiste pancreático intramural gástrico en páncreas heterotópico, una causa infrecuente de retención gástrica. Caso clínico
    (2018) Schiappacasse, Giancarlo; Villacrés, Fabián; Cavalla, Cristián; Orellana, Franco; Gallardo, Alejandra; Charles, Roberto
    Heterotopic pancreas is a silent gastrointestinal malformation that may become clinically evident when complicated by inflammation and pseudocyst formation. We report a 26 year-old male presenting with vomiting, pain and abdominal distention. An abdominal CT scan showed an important gastric distention secondary to a 4-cm cystic lesion located in the antrum wall. An endosonography showed that the lesion obstructed the gastric outlet and was compatible with a pseudocyst. A cysto-gastrostomy was performed draining the cyst. Its high lipase and amylase content confirmed that it was a pancreatic pseudocyst. Six months later, the lesion appeared again and a subtotal gastrectomy was performed Histopathology confirmed ectopic pancreatic tissue.

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