Browsing by Author "Ferrer, Lilian"
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Item Conocimientos, actitudes y percepciones de enfermeros y estudiantes de enfermería hacia VIH/Sida(2010) Cabieses, Báltica; Conejeros, Irma; Emig, Helga; Ferrer, Lilian; Cianelli, RosinaObjetivo. Describir las actitudes, conocimientos y percepciones que tienen los enfermeros y estudiantes de Enfermería en torno a las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA (PVVS). Metodología. Estudio bibliográfico en el que se hizo búsqueda en seis bases de datos electrónicas con las palabras claves: “actitud”, “conocimientos”,“enfermería”, “percepciones”, “VIH/SIDA”. Se consideraron publicaciones entre 1998-2007. Resultados. Se recuperaron 560 artículos que se limitaron por su pertenencia a publicaciones de investigaciones científicas o reportes ministeriales. Finalmente se seleccionaron un total de 38 publicaciones, cuyo análisis mostró que el nivel de conocimientos de enfermeros y estudiantes de Enfermería en torno a PVVS es bueno y las actitudes frente a VIH/SIDA han mejorado en el tiempo. Los enfermeros y estudiantes de enfermería han sido capaces de identificar tanto aspectos positivos como negativos en el cuidado de PVVS, a nivel personal y profesional, debido a que existe una percepción más favorable. Conclusión. Existen pocos estudios en Latinoamérica y Chile que estudien las actitudes y conocimientos de la población de estudio en torno a PVVS. Según las publicaciones encontradas el conocimiento y las actitudes han mejorado debido a que la percepción es más favorableItem Exploring the masculine identity in the context of HIV prevention in Chile(John Wiley & Sons, 2016) Ferrer, Lilian; Cianelli, Rosina; Villegas, Natalia; Reed, Reiley; Bernales, Margarita; Repetto, Paula; Hufstader, Theodore; Lara, Loreto; Irarrázabal, Lisette; Peragallo-Montano, NildaPURPOSE: This study aims to describe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related knowledge and beliefs, as well as understanding attitudes towards masculinity in the context of HIV prevention, held among Chilean men. DESIGN: This study reports the qualitative findings of a sequential qualitative-quantitative mixed methodology study: Bringing men into HIV Prevention in Chile, NIH R01 TW007674-03. METHODS: Twenty in-depth interviews using a qualitative, descriptive approach to elicit information for the study were conducted among men residing in two communities of low socio-economic status in Santiago, Chile. FINDINGS: Content analysis of interviews revealed three main themes regarding machismo and how it relates to HIV: sexuality and machismo, the changing nature of machismo, and violence against women. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing HIV and intimate partner violence through developing education programs tailored to meet the needs of Chilean men are needed to include men in HIV prevention efforts. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Specifically, incorporating ideas of what men consider healthy masculinity and working to destigmatize men who have sex with men are important steps in addressing the negative aspects of machismoItem Impact of mano a mano-mujer, an HIV prevention intervention, on depressive symptoms among chilean women(John Wiley & Sons, 2013) Cianelli, Rosina; Lara, Loreto; Villegas, Natalia; Bernales, Margarita; Ferrer, Lilian; Lorena Kaelber, Lorena; Peragallo, NildaWorldwide, and in Chile, the number of women living with HIV is increasing. Depression is considered a factor that interferes with HIV prevention. Depression may reach 41% among low-income Chilean women. Depressed people are less willing to participate in behaviours that protect them against HIV. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of Mano a Mano-Mujer (MM-M), and HIV prevention intervention, on depressive symptoms among Chilean women. A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. The research was conducted in Santiago, Chile; a total of 400 women participated in the study (intervention group, n=182; control group, n=218). The intervention was guided by the social-cognitive model and the primary health care model. The intervention consists of six 2-h sessions delivered in small groups. Sessions covered: HIV prevention, depression, partner's communication, and substance abuse. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Chilean women who participated in MM-M significantly decreased, at 3 months follow up, their reported depressive symptoms. MM-M provided significant benefits for women's depression symptoms. In this study nurses participated as leaders for the screening of depressive symptoms and as facilitators of community interventions.Item Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Risk Behaviors among Socially Disadvantaged Chilean Women(2011) Miner, Sarah; Ferrer, Lilian; Cianelli, Rosina; Bernales, Margarita; Cabieses, BálticaThe objective of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between intimate partner v iolence (IPV) and HIV risk among socioeconomically disadvantaged Chilean women. A correlational analysis with data from the NIH-funded project, "Testing an HIV/AIDS Prevention Intervention for Chilean Women," was conducted. Two hundred and sixty-one women were included in this analysis (n = 261). Those women who had experienced any type of IPV in the past 3 months had significantly higher risk for HIV than those who had not (t = -2.016, p < .05). Also a linear trend was found among those women who had experienced more than one type of IPV in the past 3 months and HIV risk.Item Mano a Mano for health professions students in Chile: a pilot HIV prevention program.(Elsevier Inc, 2015) Ferrer, Lilian; Bernales, Margarita; Cianelli, Rosina; Cabieses, Báltica; Triviño, Ximena; Reiley, Reed; Irarrázabal, Lisette; Peragallo, Nilda; Norr, KathleenHIV is cause for major concern all over the globe. By the end of 2009, there were 33.3 million reported cases of people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide, with 2.6 million new infections and 1.8 million HIV-related deaths (Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS], 2010). Specifically in Latin America, the incidence of HIV has increased from 1.1 million adults and children living with HIV in 2001 to 1.4 million adults and children living with HIV in 2009 (UNAIDS, 2010). Additionally, the rate of new infections has grown, as there were 150,000 reported cases of new infections in 2001 and this number increased to 170,000 reported cases of new infections in 2008.Item Oral rapid test: an alternative to traditional HIV screening in Chile(Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2013) Irarrazábal, Lisette; Ferrer, Lilian; Cianelli, Rosina; Lara, Loreto; Reed, Reiley; Levy, Judith; Pérez, CarlosOBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of an Oral Rapid Test (ORT) to that of the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for HIV testing in Santiago, Chile; to track the number of study participants returning for ELISA testing results; and to analyze the participants' perceptions of the ORT compared to the ELISA. METHODS: A total of 497 people were recruited in Santiago, Chile: 153 had previously tested positive for HIV, and 344 were of unknown status. Participants were tested for HIV using both the ELISA and the ORT to examine and compare specificity and sensitivity. Qualitative data were collected from 22 participants to compare perceptions of the testing experience with ORT versus ELISA. RESULTS: The ELISA reported 184 (37%) of the 497 participants as being "positive" for HIV antibodies; the ORT showed 181 (36.4%) as being "reactive" for HIV. The ORT showed a sensitivity of 98.4% (95.7%-99.9%, 95% Confidence Interval) and specificity of 100%. The Kappa test produced K = 0.983 (P < 0.0001). Of the 344 participants whose HIV status was unknown at the start of the study, 55 failed to return for their ELISA results. Participants positively perceived ORT as having reduced both waiting time and anxiety over obtaining their test results. ORT oral swabbing appeared more practical and less invasive than drawing blood for the ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: The ORT and ELISA were statistically equal in specificity and sensitivity. ORT provides quicker results, potentially ensuring that more people receive them, and does not require handling of or exposure to potentially hazardous blood products. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01733927.Item Pilot Testing an Internet-Based STI and HIV Prevention Intervention with Chilean Women(2015) Villegas, Natalia; Santisteban, Daniel; Cianelli, Rosina; Ferrer, Lilian; Ambrosia, Todd; Peragallo, Nilda; Lara, LoretoPurpose The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is high among young Chilean women, and there are no STI or HIV prevention interventions available to them that incorporate technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preliminary efficacy of an Internet-based STI and HIV prevention intervention (I-STIPI) for Chilean young women on measures of STI- and HIV-related information, motivation, behavioral skills, and preventive behaviors. Design This is a pretest-posttest study. Forty young Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age participated in an investigation of the I-STIPI's preliminary efficacy on STI and HIV prevention-related outcomes between baseline and a postintervention assessment. The intervention consisted of four online modules. Data collection was conducted in Santiago, Chile. Paired-samples t test analysis was used to determine whether there were significant differences in each of the outcome variables. Findings After receiving I-STIPI, women reported a significant increase in levels of STI- and HIV-related knowledge, attitudes toward the use of condoms and perceived self-efficacy, and a reduction of risky sexual behaviors with uncommitted partners. Conclusions The I-STIPI showed promise as an Internet-based intervention that can reduce barriers to accessing preventive interventions and increase STI and HIV preventive behaviors in young Chilean women. Clinical Relevance The study provided important information about the ability of an Internet-based intervention to reduce young women's risk factors and to provide positive preliminary efficacy on STI- and HIV-related outcomes. Internet-based interventions can eliminate many barriers to receiving prevention interventions and may prove to be cost effective.Item The development, feasibility and acceptability of an Internet-based STI-HIV prevention intervention for young chilean women(Wiley, 2014) Villegas, Natalia; Santisteban, Daniel; Cianelli, Rosina; Ferrer, Lilian; Ambrosia, Todd; Peragallo, Nilda; Lara, LoretoYoung Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age are at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The literature shows a shortage of STI-HIV prevention interventions focused on this specific high-risk population and a unique set of barriers to receiving prevention messages. Internet-based interventions are promising for delivering STI-HIV prevention interventions and avoiding barriers to services. AIMS: The study aimed to develop a culturally informed Internet-based STI-HIV prevention intervention for Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age, to investigate its feasibility and acceptability, and to compile recommendations on what would make the intervention more acceptable and feasible for these women. METHODS: The development of the Internet intervention was facilitated by a process that featured consultation with content and technology experts. A pre-post test design was used to test the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention with 40 young Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age. RESULTS: The intervention website consisted of four modules of content and activities that support learning. The intervention was feasible and acceptable for young Chilean women between 18 and 24 years of age. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the value of engaging multiple expert panels to develop culturally informed and technology-based interventions. The results of this study support the feasibility and acceptability of conducting an Internet-based intervention with multiple sessions, yielding high participation rates in a population in which there are barriers to discussion of STI-HIV prevention and sex-related content. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: The outcomes have implications for nursing education and clinical practice and they can be used for the legal and judicial systems to promote or reinforce policies that encourage STI-HIV prevention strategies among women.Item The relationship between knowledge of HIV, self-perceived vulnerability and sexual risk behavior among community clinic workers in Chile(2010) Cabieses, Báltica; Ferrer, Lilian; Villarroel, Luis; Tunstall, Helena; Norr, KathleenObjective Testing the hypothesis of an association between knowledge and sexual risk behaviour (SRB) amongst community-clinic workers in Chile, explained by the confounding effect of self-perceived vulnerability to HIV. Methods A cross-sectional survey was analyzed; it was nested within a quasiexperimental study of 720 community-clinic workers in Santiago. The SRB score combined the number of sexual partners and condom use (coded as “high”/”low” SRB). Knowledge of HIV (a 25-item index) was coded as “inadequate”/”adequate” knowledge. Self-perceived vulnerability to HIV was categorised as being “high”/ ”moderate”/”low”. Control variables included socio-demographics, religiousness and educational level. Percentages/averages, Chi-square tests and logistic regression (OR-estimations) were used for descriptive, association and confounding analysis. Results Respondents were 78.2 % female, 46.8 % married and 67.6 % Catholic. Mean age was 38.9 (10.5 SD) and 69 % had university/diploma level. Self-perceived HIV vulnerability was “low” in 71.5 % cases. A negative association between knowledge and SRB was found (OR=0.55;CI=0.35–0.86), but self-perceived vulnerability did not have a confounding effect on this relationship. This relationship also persisted after being adjusted for multiple control variables (e.g. age, sex, type of primary centre, educational level, and religiousness). Conclusions Some community-clinic workers had inaccurate knowledge of HIV, which was associated with SRB. Self-perceived vulnerability did not have a confounding effect; however, future studies should further analyze occupational risk of HIV as a possible driving factor in health workers´ perception of their risk. Focused training programmes should be developed to enhance basic knowledge of HIV in this group