DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Ferrada, Ximena"

Browsing by Author "Ferrada, Ximena"

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A tool for universal accessibility assessment in the interior of dwellings
(2023) Valderrama-Ulloa, Claudia; Ferrada, Ximena; Rouault, Fabien
The present study proposes a tool for assessing universal accessibility in the interior of apartments, presenting a novel quantitative model for assessing the accessibility of buildings for buyers or tenants. For this, a multicriteria analysis for aggregating the assessment indicators with different units and scales is employed using a unique grade of accessibility according to four main pillars: Autonomy, Mobility, Comfort, and Safety. The assessment method has been applied in 35 show apartments in the urban area of Santiago in Chile. This work shows the application and results of 4 departments. The evaluation results are presented visually with a circular bar plot and a final grade in letter format from F to A. In general, it is observed that the four apartments proposed have a low degree of accessibility (letters F to D). And, the Autonomy pillar is clearly the lowest pillar in the selected apartments.
A User-Centered Mobile Cloud Computing Platform for Improving knowledge Management in Small-to-Medium Enterprises in the Chilean Construction Industry
(2018) Núñez, Daniela; Ferrada, Ximena; Neyem, Andrés; Serpell, Alfredo; Sepúlveda, Marcos
Knowledge management (KM) is a key element for the development of small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry. This is particularly relevant in Chile, where this industry is composed almost entirely of SMEs. Although various KM system proposals can be found in the literature, they are not suitable for SMEs, due to usability problems, budget constraints, and time and connectivity issues. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) systems offer several advantages to construction SMEs, but they have not yet been exploited to address KM needs. Therefore, this research is aimed at the development of a MCC-based KM platform to manage lessons learned in different construction projects of SMEs, through an iterative and user-centered methodology. Usability and quality evaluations of the proposed platform show that MCC is a feasible and attractive option to address the KM issues in SMEs of the Chilean construction industry, since it is possible to consider both technical and usability requirements.
Análisis técnico sobre protecciones provisionales de borde para prevenir riesgos de caídas en trabajos en altura en la construcción: el caso de Chile
(2023) Valderrama-Ulloa, Claudia; Ferrada, Ximena; Serpell, Alfredo; Cabello, María José
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar un análisis técnico de los distintos sistemas de protección de borde (barandas) y aportar al desarrollo de normativa sobre su uso en Chile. La metodología incluye una amplia revisión bibliográfica nacional e internacional para describir el contexto del uso de barandas. Se realiza un levantamiento de información en terreno para describir los principales problemas de uso de estos sistemas, tales como ritmo de avance del proyecto, singularidad de aspectos geométricos y arquitectónicos, requisitos estructurales y uso de soluciones artesanales. Se realizan 16 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a profesionales de la construcción y de empresas proveedoras nacionales para describir las distintas necesidades respecto a temas técnicos en el uso de barandas, destacándose aspectos como calidad de la información, trazabilidad, homologación y estandarización de productos. En conclusión, este estudio contribuye a especificar los criterios necesarios a aplicar en la industria de la construcción para promover el uso adecuado de protecciones de bordes para evitar caídas.
Evaluación de la accesibilidad para sistemas de transporte subterráneo: análisis del metro de Santiago - Chile
(2023) Navas, Liborio; Valderrama-Ulloa, Claudia; Ferrada, Ximena; Contreras, Jorge; Gimenez, Zulay
Considerando que una parte importante de la población mundial vive con algún tipo de discapacidad y que la esperanza de vida aumenta, el hecho de tener un transporte accesible permitiría que las personas mejoraran su calidad de vida, accediendo a más oportunidades socioeconómicas. A partir de un diseño descriptivo mixto (cualitativo etnográfico y cuantitativo), este artículo presenta una herramienta de evaluación del nivel de accesibilidad en el uso del tren subterráneo para personas con discapacidad visual, física, cognitiva y auditiva. Se analizaron los datos de 30 estaciones del Metro de Santiago de Chile, estudiando el desplazamiento desde el exterior a la estación, la permanencia en zona de pagos y el desplazamiento hacia andenes y combinaciones. De los indicadores evaluados, los que tienen relación con el desplazamiento hacia el andén son los que presentan menores niveles de accesibilidad, ya que no responden a todas las necesidades para los distintos tipos de discapacidad analizados.
Hospitales sustentables: partidas críticas para su construcción y el rol de la inspección técnica
(2021) Canales, Pablo; Valderrama-Ulloa, Claudia; Ferrada, Ximena
Actualmente, la infraestructura de salud pública en Chile, en sus distintas escalas, presenta avances significativos en la determinación de criterios de diseño en sustentabilidad. Sin embargo, es posible observar que durante su construcción no existen procesos de verificación estandarizados sobre aspectos de sustentabilidad y que la labor de la inspección técnica se centra en el cumplimiento administrativo de los contratos de construcción, más que en la verificación de los aspectos técnicos. La presente investigación propone una lista de partidas y actividades críticas a fiscalizar en la construcción de hospitales para asegurar criterios sustentables en su operación. Luego, se realiza una encuesta a profesionales que participan en el diseño, construcción y fiscalización de obras hospitalarias. Los resultados se jerarquizan con una metodología multicriterio (AHP), a partir de la cual se evidencia una preferencia en la envolvente térmica (20%) e instalaciones térmicas y de ventilación (17%). Finalmente, en base a las debilidades señaladas por los profesionales, se propone un proceso de control y seguimiento a estas partidas y actividades con un rediseño de la labor del Inspector Técnico de Obras.
Integración de la metodología Building Information Modeling (BIM)
(Universidad del Desarrollo.Centro de Innovación Docente, 2019) Ferrada, Ximena; Serpell Bley, Alfredo
La metodología Building Information Modeling (BIM) es obligatoria desde 2020 en todos los proyectos públicos de construcción realizados en el país. La innovación presente busca definir el modelo de cómo se integrará dicha metodología.
Measuring the performance of project risk management: a preliminary model
(2019) Serpell, Alfredo; Ferrada, Ximena; Rubio, Larissa
: The function of project risk management (PRM) is to understand the uncertainty that surrounds a project and to identify the potential threats than can affect it as well as to know how to handle these risks in an appropriate way. Then, the measurement of the performance of PRM becomes an important concern, an issue that has not yet been addressed in the research literature. It is necessary to know how successful the application of the PRM process is and how capable is the process within the organization. Regarding construction projects, it is essential to know whether the selected responses to mitigate or eliminate identified risks were suitable and well implemented after the execution of the project. This paper presents a critical analysis of the relevance of measuring the performance of PRM and the benefits of doing so. Additionally, it presents a preliminary and pioneering methodology to measure the performance of PRM through the evaluation of the adequacy of responses applied to mitigate risks as well as to evaluate the resulting impacts as indicators of the effectiveness of these actions at the end of the project. This knowledge will allow construction companies to incorporate good practices, generate lessons learned, and thereby to promote a continuous improvement of the whole PRM process
Review Breaking Down Barriers: Findings from a Literature Review on Housing for People with Disabilities in Latin America
(2023) Valderrama-Ulloa, Claudia; Ferrada, Ximena; Herrera, Felipe
Accessibility to housing is crucial for people with disabilities as it provides them with equal opportunities and allows them to live independently. A systematic literature review has been conducted to understand the current research on accessibility in housing for people with disabilities in Latin America. The study analysed 56 papers and used co-word analysis to identify common themes and topics within the documents. The results of the analysis showed that Brazil (61%) is the country with the most research on the subject, physical disability, at 36%, is the impairment most analysed, and interventions or analysis for the older people (45%) in their homes is the most researched type of population. The co-word analysis revealed that topics such as policy, regulations, the use of technologies, ergonomics interventions, and architectural criteria or barriers to the daily life of disabled people were frequently discussed in the papers. Although this work shows a substantial and growing increase in research on housing for people with disabilities in Latin America, it also demonstrates the importance of increasing research on other types of impairment, such as visual and cognitive-intellectual disabilities, and including children, caregivers, or even young adults.
Sleep duration and fatigue in construction workers: A preliminary study
(2021) Ferrada, Ximena; Barrios, Silvia; Masalan, Patricia; Campos-Romero, Solange; Carrillo, Juan; Molina, Yerko
The construction industry is known for its high rate of accidents. Among the different possible causes of this situation, we could find lack of sleep and fatigue. Chronic sleep deprivation is a determining factor in the deterioration of vigilance and alert, and consequently a risk factor for occupational accidents. Fatigue is the answer of our organism to sustained physical and mental stress. Regretfully, those topics have been ovelooked in the construction industry. The objective of this study is to understand better these phenomena, such as sleep duration and fatigue, and whether they are interrelated, and to propose strategies to mitigate them and contribute to the reduction of accidents in construction projects. We worked with 154 male construction workers from one Chilean construction company. To assess sleep quality, we used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). To evaluate fatigue, we used a personal computer version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PC-PVT) that measures alertness and vigilance. This 5-minute test was performed on construction workers on-site in the morning. Those people who took part in the test were classified into various groups according to self-reported sleep hours, namely: 7–9 h (26%), 5–7 h (61.7%), and <5 h (12.3%). These results were compared for three variables (Mean Reaction Time (RT), 10% faster, and 10% slower) using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. Differences were found for Mean RT and Slowest 10%, the difference being greater in the group that reported sleeping <5 h, but without statistical significance. Studies with a greater number of subjects and measurements are required throughout the working day
Training workers and reducing the rate of accidents: A proposal inspired by the chronic care model.
(2019) Ferrada, Ximena; Masalan, Patricia; Guarello, Margarita; Nunez, Paulina
The construction field has an accident rate higher than those of other industries. Due to this fact, a bibliographical study was carried out in order to put forward innovative training methodologies in occupational health and safety as a means of reducing accident rates. A single methodology that ensures successful results over others could not be identified; however different safety training methodologies were identified that have been implemented within the construction industry. Since the issue of accident rates is a chronic problem in construction, the main contribution presented by this research is the application of a chronic care model used in healthcare to the construction industry. In this application, the foreman act as the linchpin in the system; it also considers technical and motivational training for the support team, especially those who work on-site, in order to cement the new lessons and the behavioral change.

Browsing by Author "Ferrada, Ximena"

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