Browsing by Author "Ditzel, Ana Loreto"
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Item A sense of community at school and the subjective well‐being of Chilean students(2021) Villarroel, Alejandra; Alfaro Inzunza, Jaime; Reyes Reyes, Fernando; Carrillo, Gisela; Ditzel, Ana LoretoUnderstand the degree to which a Sense of Community at School can predict the Life Satisfaction of Chilean students in the fifth and seventh grades. The classroom and school components will be presented separately. The research was designed as a descriptive study using a survey with a probabilistic sample made up of 1959 students (52.6% male and 47.4% female) in the fifth and seventh grades at elementary schools in the cities of Concepción and Santiago in Chile. A multiple linear regression analysis was done using the Multidimensional Scales of School Sense of Community (SOC‐S) and Classroom Sense of Community (SOC‐C) as predictors of life satisfaction measured with the Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS). Multigroup analysis was conducted to make comparisons by sex and grade. The dimension of “sense of belonging and emotional connection” of the SOC‐C and the dimension of “belonging” of the SOC‐S predict life satisfaction for fifth grade students. The additional dimension of “emotional connection” of the SOC‐S scale was included for the seventh‐grade students. The sense that one is part of the school community is a dimension that affects childhood life satisfaction. Its level of contribution varies by age, with the sense of belonging and emotional connection variables being the relevant ones.Item Access to material resources and the subjective well-being of children in Brazil and Chile(2021) Ditzel, Ana Loreto; Chuecas, María Josefina; Bedín, Lívia; Torres-Vallejos, Javier; Villarroel, Alejandra; Benavente, Mariavictoria; Alfaro Inzunza, Jaime; Castellá Sarriera, Jorge; Juarros-Basterretxea, JoelThis article analyzes the relationships between the material conditions and the subjective well-being of 3,716 children (50.5% girls) between 10 and 12 years of age (M = 11.4) in Chile and Brazil. These are the two Latin American countries that took part in the third wave of the Children’s Worlds research. The material conditions of the children were assessed using latent classes. A multivariate analysis of covariance was done next in order to test the influence of material conditions over the children's subjective well-being and interpersonal relationships. The association between gender and country variables of the children was also studied. The results showed that although the average subjective well-being scores of the children were high in general, the class analysis showed significant differences between the results for children with better material conditions than those with poorer material conditions. The latter group presented lower subjective well-being levels. MANCOVA was used to analyze the mean differences in subjective well-being levels and interpersonal relationships controlling variables of gender and country of residence. This showed that children with greater access to better material conditions showed significantly higher levels of subjective well-being levels and had a more positive view of their interpersonal relationships in all areas assessed compared to those who reported worse material conditions. These results are discussed in view of the high indices of material deprivation that exist in Latin America during childhood as well as how these findings may help better understand the well-being of children living in Latin American countriesPublication Children participating in after-school programs in Chile: Subjective well-being, satisfaction with free time use and satisfaction with the program(2022) Ditzel, Ana Loreto; Casas, Ferran; Torres-Vallejos, Javier; Reyes Reyes, Fernando; Alfaro Inzunza, Jaime; Reyes Reyes, Fernando TeddyThis article analyzes the subjective well-being and satisfaction with the use of free time of 1,033 Chilean children (49.1% girls) aged 9 to 14 years of whom 568 attend a public after-school Program and 465 do not. The satisfaction levels of participants in the Program are also assessed. All of the children are living in contexts of high social vulnerability, and they attend municipal schools. Well-being scales previously validated in Chile and free-time use items internationally used were applied here. The scales’ fit and score equivalence between groups were evaluated with a confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group structural equations analysis. The overall results show that children in both groups presented high levels of subjective well-being. Although the majority of those attending the Program had higher scores, the differences did not reach statistical significance. With the more specific analysis, the children attending the Program showed significantly higher scores in some subjective well-being aspects. They also felt happier and more satisfied with their use of free time compared to the group not attending the Program. The results also indicated high satisfaction with the Program, a significant correlation between Program participation, and a greater diversity of activities pursued outside of the classroom. The impact of socio-demographic variables such as age and gender were analyzed using multiple regression. The effect of public initiatives on children’s well-being is discussed in light of the scant research currently available in the field. Two other points are discussed as well. Specifically, the results of this research may add to the knowledge around child subjective well-being. The use of subjective well-being indicators when evaluating public policies in support of childhood is also addressed.Publication Material Conditions and Their Relationship with Affective Components of Subjective Well-being in Children(2024) Ditzel, Ana Loreto; Chuecas, María Josefina; Benavente, María Victoria; Alfaro Inzunza, Jaime; Villarroel Gutiérrez, AlejandraThe purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between material conditions, and affective components of subjective well-being in a representative sample, using data from the International Survey of Children’s Well-being (ISCWeB), of 1994 Chilean children in the 5th and 7th grades, with a mean age of 10.50 years (SD = 0.66) and 12.51 years (SD = 0.69), respectively. Descriptive statistical analyses were carried out, in addition to a regression analysis, considering age and gender variables. The main results showed that the majority of children report having material resources in the material conditions associated with basic needs and feeling happier to a greater extent. Regression analysis showed that children’s material conditions had a significant effect on positive and negative affect in both age groups. Children who reported greater access to material conditions had a higher mean positive affect. This effect was greater in the older group of children. In relation to gender, no significant differences were observed between girls and boys in the 10-yearold group, while in the 12-year-old group there were significant differences, both in positive and negative affect, with women reporting lower affective well-being. The results are discussed, which highlight the importance of considering the affective components of children’s subjective well-being when analyzing the material conditions in which they live and the differential effects according to age and gender.Item Satisfaction with the Neighborhood of Israeli and Chilean Children and its Efects on their Subjective Well‑being(2022) Meiri,Yuli Ketain; Ditzel, Ana Loreto; Casas, Ferran; Ben‑Arieh, Asher; Torres‑Vallejos, JavierA study of subjective well-being in 4,942 children (49% girls) aged 10 and 12 living in Israel and Chile is presented. The association between perceptions of the neighborhood and subjective well-being (SWB) was analyzed based on a mediation model using satisfaction with the neighborhood as a mediating variable. The overall results showed high average SWB scores for both countries as well as high levels of satisfaction with the neighborhoods where they live. Diferences between the countries were observed for the age groups. The SWB of Chilean children decreased with age, while a decrease was not detected for the Israeli children. The mediation model had excellent ft for the age groups and countries, and the satisfaction with the neighborhood variable presents a partial mediation efect between neighborhood variables and SWB. Satisfaction with the neighborhood displayed a greater efect on the SWB of the older children than the younger ones. Gender showed signifcant efects on SWB only in Chile. The results are discussed, analyzing the similarities and diferences between both countries and providing new evidence for the study of SWB at the international level. Questions for a more specifc analysis of SWB within each country are suggested.Item The Subjective Well-Being of Chilean Children Living in Conditions of High Social Vulnerability(2021) Ditzel, Ana Loreto; Casas, Ferran; Torres‑Vallejos, Javier; Villarroel, AlejandraThis article analyzes the subjective well-being and life satisfaction of 1033 Chilean children (507 girls and 526 boys) aged 9 to 14 years (M=11.02, SD=1.18) living in the socio-economic state of poverty. Diferent subjective well-being scales were admin- istered to assess both afective and cognitive components, be they context-free or dif- ferent domains of life satisfaction, including the use of free time. A structural equa- tion modelling was put to the test measuring to what degree the various components of well-being were correlated to a second order latent variable showing good ft. Later, the general results returned middle high scores on these scales with signifcant diferences found by gender, especially for afective and overall life satisfaction components. Boys displayed higher overall subjective well-being scores than girls. These diferences were less evident when assessing the subjective well-being in specifc domains; the boys’ and girls’ scores were closer here. These results are discussed along with their contributions toward understanding subjective well-being in childhood as a complex, multi-faceted concept. These fndings may turn out to be particularly interesting when it comes to designing and evaluating public policies geared toward children by providing evidence that supports the inclusion of socio-emotional and relational variables in the promotion of improved quality of life for children living in poverty.