Browsing by Author "Dagnino, Paula"

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    Depression and attachment: how do personality styles and social support influence this relation?
    (2017) Dagnino, Paula; Pérez, Carola; Gloger, Sergio; Gómez, Adriana; Krause, Mariane
    The purpose of this study is to improve the current understanding of the relation between depression and attachment through the evaluation of the role of personality styles (dependent vs self-critical) and social support in this association. These variables were studied in a clinical sample of 70 depressed outpatients (83% women; M=41.47 years, SD=12.91). Depressive symptomatology was assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory, adult attachment through the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, social support through the Social Support Questionnaire and dependency and self-criticism through the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Mediational and moderation regression analyses were performed. Results show that the association between the dimensions of attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and depression was partially mediated by self-criticism. Furthermore, results demonstrate the role of social support as a moderating variable: when the level of satisfaction with social support was low and the anxiety dimension in the attachment scale was high, as avoidance increased, depressive symptoms increased as well. Results are discussed in relation to their importance for understanding the complex interplay of the variables involved in depression.
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    Risk Factors for Adult Depression: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Personality Functioning
    (2020) Dagnino, Paula; Ugarte, María José; Morales, Felipe; González, Sofia; Saralegui, Daniela; Ehrenthal, Johannes C.
    Background: Depressive disorder is one of the main health problems worldwide. Many risk factors have been associated with this pathology. However, while the association between risks factors and adult depression is well established, the mechanisms behind its impact remains poorly understood. A possible, yet untested explanation is the mediating impact of levels of personality functioning, i.e., impairments with regard to self and interpersonal. Method: Around 162 patients were assessed at the beginning of their therapy, with regard to risk factors, such as sociodemographic, physical, hereditary (Information Form), and adverse childhood experiences (ACE; CTQ). Depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) and personality functioning (OPD-SQ) were also measured. Associations between the related variables as well as other possible covariates were examined by means of zero-order correlations and bootstrapping-based mediation analysis. Results: Of all the risk factors taken into account, level of education and physical illness were associated with depression. On the other hand, the most significant predictor of depressive symptomatology was ACE, and this relationship was mediated by personality functioning. This indicates that patients presenting adverse childhood experiences are more likely to develop deficiencies in personality functioning, which in turn increases their likelihood of developing depressive symptomatology. Conclusion: These results reaffirm the importance of incorporating risk and vulnerability factors such as personality functioning in understanding depression.
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    The evolution of communicative intentions during change episodes and throughout the therapeutic process
    (2012) Dagnino, Paula; Krause, Mariane; Pérez, Carola; Valdés, Nelson; Tomicic, Alemka
    The present study examines the heterogeneity of the therapeutic process through the analysis of the conversation between therapists and clients in psychotherapy. The Communicative Intentions dimension of the Therapeutic Activity Coding System (TACS) was applied to 69 change episodes taken from 100 sessions that belong to five brief psychotherapies. Depending on what the participants are trying to achieve with their communication, the TACS distinguishes three types of Communicative Intentions: Exploring, Attuning, and Resignifying. Client and therapist verbalizations corresponding to these categories were analysed searching for differences between (a) both speakers, (b) initial, middle and final change episode stages, and (c) initial, middle and final phases of the whole therapeutic process. Results indicate that, in general, therapists resignify and attune more frequently, while clients explore more often. The analysis of Communicative Intentions within change episodes and during the whole therapeutic process reveals that there is an evolution in both: Even small therapy segments, as change episodes are, show that the process is not homogeneous, since in initial stages, the use of Exploring is more frequent than the use of Resignifying, especially for clients, while during the end of the episode clients and therapists increase their use of Resignifying. The analysis of the whole process confirms that Resignifying surpasses the use of Exploring in the final phases of therapy.
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    "Working Alliance Inventory" Versión Observacional: Traducción, Adaptación y Validación al Castellano
    (2013) Vöhringer C., Carlos; Pérez Ewert, J. Carola; Martínez, Claudio; Altimir, Carolina; Dagnino, Paula; Suárez, Nicolás; Krause, Mariane
    La investigación ha demostrado la fuerte relación entre alianza terapéutica y resultados en psicoterapia. Una buena alianza está asociada a mejores resultados en psicoterapia. Para medir alianza se han desarrollado una serie de instrumentos para terapeutas, pacientes, y observadores. Los instrumentos observacionales son menos intrusivos, disminuyendo los posibles efectos que las mediciones tendrían en el tratamiento. Además, han resultado más válido en algunas poblaciones clínicas. En Chile no se cuenta con un instrumento confiable y validado que mida alianza terapéutica desde la perspectiva de un observador. El presente artículo da cuenta de la traducción al castellano, y la adaptación y validación del WorkAlliance Inventory (WAI-0) en su versión observacional para Chile. El (WAI-0) es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir alianza terapéutica.
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    “Working Alliance Inventory” Versión Observacional: Traducción, Adaptación y Validación al Castellano
    (2013) Vöhringer C., Carlos; Pérez, Carola; Martínez, Claudio; Altimir, Carolina; Dagnino, Paula; Suárez, Nicolás; Krause, Mariane
    La investigación ha demostrado la fuerte relación entre alianza terapéutica y resultados en psicoterapia. Una buena alianza está asociada a mejores resultados en psicoterapia. Para medir alianza se han desarrollado una serie de instrumentos para terapeutas, pacientes, y observadores. Los instrumentos observacionales son menos intrusivos, disminuyendo los posibles efectos que las mediciones tendrían en el tratamiento. Además, han resultado más válido en algunas poblaciones clínicas. En Chile no se cuenta con un instrumento confiable y validado que mida alianza terapéutica desde la perspectiva de un observador. El presente artículo da cuenta de la traducción al castellano, y la adaptación y validación del Work Alliance Inventory (WAI-0) en su versión observacional para Chile. El (WAI-0) es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir alianza terapéutica.

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