DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Díaz, Camila"

Browsing by Author "Díaz, Camila"

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Intervención Temprana en Psicosis, una perspectiva clínica
(2021) Undurraga, Juan; Gaspar, Pablo; Nachar, Ruben; Díaz, Camila; Rivera, Guillermo; Noto, Cristiano
Identificar a aquellas personas que tienen un mayor riesgo para desarrollar trastornos psiquiátricos severos e intervenir precozmente para evitar el desarrollo de éstos o mejorar su pronóstico en el largo plazo, ha sido el motor principal de los programas de intervención temprana. Hoy sabemos que existen estrategias de intervención sistematizadas que permiten disminuir la transición a psicosis en esta población. Asimismo, sabemos que las intervenciones clínicas en los primeros años desde el inicio de los síntomas, mejoran la respuesta al tratamiento y el pronóstico funcional en el largo plazo de nuestros pacientes. Sin embargo, estas intervenciones son complejas y requieren de grupos interdisciplinarios con un enfoque flexible, para dar respuestas apropiadas a cada etapa de la enfermedad, que incluyan a los pacientes, familiares y a la comunidad. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo revisar el conocimiento actual sobre la intervención temprana desde una perspectiva clínica y proponer un acercamiento contingente y progresivo en la población de alto riesgo y psicosis temprana.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping MRI in Deep-Brain Nuclei in First-Episode Psychosis
(2023) García Saborit, Marisleydis; Jara, Alejandro; Muñoz, Néstor; Milovic, Carlos; Tepper, Angeles; Alliende, Luz María; Mena, Carlos; Iruretagoyena, Bárbara; Ramírez-Mahaluf, Juan Pablo; Díaz, Camila; Nachar, Ruben; Castañeda, Carmen Paz; González, Alfonso; Undurraga, Juan; Crossley, Nicolás; Tejos, Cristian
Background: Psychosis is related to neurochemical changes in deep-brain nuclei, particularly suggesting dopamine dysfunctions. We used an magnetic resonance imaging-based technique called quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to study these regions in psychosis. QSM quantifies magnetic susceptibility in the brain, which is associated with iron concentrations. Since iron is a cofactor in dopamine pathways and co-localizes with inhibitory neurons, differences in QSM could reflect changes in these processes. Methods: We scanned 83 patients with first-episode psychosis and 64 healthy subjects. We reassessed 22 patients and 21 control subjects after 3 months. Mean susceptibility was measured in 6 deep-brain nuclei. Using linear mixed models, we analyzed the effect of case-control differences, region, age, gender, volume, framewise displacement (FD), treatment duration, dose, laterality, session, and psychotic symptoms on QSM. Results: Patients showed a significant susceptibility reduction in the putamen and globus pallidus externa (GPe). Patients also showed a significant R2* reduction in GPe. Age, gender, FD, session, group, and region are significant predictor variables for QSM. Dose, treatment duration, and volume were not predictor variables of QSM. Conclusions: Reduction in QSM and R2* suggests a decreased iron concentration in the GPe of patients. Susceptibility reduction in putamen cannot be associated with iron changes. Since changes observed in putamen and GPe were not associated with symptoms, dose, and treatment duration, we hypothesize that susceptibility may be a trait marker rather than a state marker, but this must be verified with long-term studies.
Tendencias en hospitalizaciones, mortalidad y letalidad por úlcera péptica en chile, durante el periodo 2001 a 2023
(2025) Díaz, Camila; Schorr, Isidora; González, Pilar; Poisson, Monserrat
Introducción: La enfermedad ulcerosa péptica continúa siendo un problema de salud relevante. Objetivo: Caracterizar la epidemiología, tendencias y factores asociados a egresos hospitalarios y mortalidad por enfermedad ulcerosa péptica en Chile durante las últimas dos décadas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional de base poblacional utilizando los registros de egresos hospitalarios y defunciones del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud de Chile entre 2001 y 2023. Se calcularon las tasas de egreso, mortalidad y letalidad, específicas y ajustadas por edad. Se analizaron las tendencias y las diferencias por sexo, edad y distribución geográfica. Resultados: Se identificaron 69.097 egresos hospitalarios por enfermedad ulcerosa péptica (66,8% hombres). La tasa de egresos ajustada por edad bajó de 29,0 (2001) a 12,9 (2014) por 100.000 habitantes. La letalidad hospitalaria aumentó sostenidamente, siendo mayor en mujeres, con cambio porcentual anual promedio de 31,38% (2001-2004) y 5,98% (2004-2023). La mortalidad general decreció (porcentual anual promedio de -5,31% entre 2001 y 2011), con un repunte desde 2011 (porcentual anual promedio de 2,77%). La Región de Los Ríos mostró la mayor incidencia (razón de incidencia estandarizada de 1,55). Discusión: A pesar de una reducción en las hospitalizaciones, el aumento progresivo de la letalidad sugiere un cambio en el perfil de los pacientes, probablemente de mayor edad, con más comorbilidades y mayor exposición a antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de la enfermedad ulcerosa péptica como causa de morbimortalidad y la necesidad de investigar las disparidades geográficas para optimizar las estrategias de prevención y manejo. Introduction: Peptic ulcer disease remains a significant public health issue. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology, trends, and factors associated with hospital discharges and mortality due to peptic ulcer disease in Chile over the past two decades. Methodology: A population-based observational study was conducted using hospital discharge and death records from the Chilean Department of Health Statistics and Information between 2001 and 2023. Age-specific and age-adjusted rates of hospital discharges, mortality, and case fatality were calculated. Trends and differences by sex, age, and geographic distribution were analyzed. Results: A total of 69.097 hospital discharges due to peptic ulcer disease were identified (66,8% male). The ageadjusted discharge rate declined from 29,0 (2001) to 12,9 (2014) per 100.000 population. However, hospital case fatality rates increased steadily, particularly among women, with an average annual percentage change of 31,38% (2001-2004) and 5,98% (2004-2023). Overall mortality decreased (annual percentage change of -5,31% from 2001 to 2011), followed by an upward trend since 2011 (annual percentage change of 2,77%). The Los Ríos Region had the highest incidence (standardized incidence ratio of 1,55). Discussion: Despite the reduction in hospitalizations, the progressive rise in case fatality suggests a shift in the patient profile, likely older individuals with more comorbidities and greater exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusion: These findings highlight the ongoing burden of peptic ulcer disease as a cause of morbidity and mortality and underscore the need to explore geographic disparities to optimize prevention and management strategies.
Uso de cannabis en jóvenes hospitalizados por un primer episodio de psicosis: un estudio caso-control
(2020) Castañeda, Carmen Paz; Iruretagoyena, Bárbara; Nachar, Rubén; Mancilla, Felipe; Díaz, Camila; Gallardo, Carlos; Mena, Cristián; Ramírez-Mahaluf, Juan Pablo; Undurraga, Juan; González-Valderrama, Alfonso; Crossley, Nicolás A.
Background: Cannabis use among young people in Chile has increased significantly in the last years. There is a consistent link between cannabis and psychosis. Aim: To compare cannabis use in patients with a first episode of psychosis and healthy controls. Material and Methods: We included 74 patients aged 20 ± 3 years (78% males) admitted to hospital with a first episode of psychosis and a group of 60 healthy controls aged 23 ± 4 years (63% males). Cannabis consumption was assessed, including age of first time use and length of regular use. Results: Patients with psychosis reported a non-significantly higher frequency of life-time cannabis use. Patients had longer periods of regular cannabis use compared with healthy subjects (Odds ratio [OR] 2.4; 95% confi-dence intervals [CI] 1.14-5.05). Patients also used cannabis for the first time at an earlier age (16 compared with 17 years, p < 0.0). The population attributable fraction for regular cannabis use associated with hospital admissions due to psychosis was 17.7% (95% CI 1.2-45.5%). Conclusions: Cannabis use is related to psychosis in this Chilean group of patients. This relationship is stronger in patients with early exposure to the drug and longer the regular use. One of every five admissions due to psychosis is associated with cannabis consumption. These data should influence cannabis legisla-tion and the public policies currently being discussed in Chile.
Vimat
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Diseño, 2019) Díaz, Camila; Mazzarini Watts, Piero; Lizama, Denisse; Hurtado, Alex

Browsing by Author "Díaz, Camila"

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