Browsing by Author "Cruchet, Sylvia"
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Publication Prevalence of Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants from an Urban, Low-Income Population in Chile: A Cohort Study(2025) Cruchet, Sylvia; Arancibia, María Eugenia; Maturana, Andrés; Marchant, Pamela; Rodríguez, Lorena; Lucero, YaldaBackground. Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infancy, with prevalence estimates of 0.5–7.5% in high-income countries. Data from low- and middle-income regions remain limited, and the predominant immune mechanism (IgE or non-IgE mediated) may vary across populations. Objective. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CMA in infants from an urban, low-income Chilean population. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Padre Hurtado Hospital in Santiago, Chile. Healthy term newborns were recruited and followed for up to 12 months. Sociodemographic, perinatal data and parental atopy were recorded. Parents were contacted monthly to screen for CMA symptoms. Infants with ≥two symptoms underwent clinical evaluation, a 4-week cow’s milk protein exclusion diet, and an open oral food challenge (OFC). Diagnosis followed international consensus guidelines. Results. Of 552 enrolled infants (48% male), 27 were diagnosed with CMA, yielding a prevalence of 4.9% (95% CI 3.1–7.0%). All cases exhibited non-IgE-mediated symptoms, including vomiting, dermatitis, colic, and perianal erythema. CMA was diagnosed before 6 months of age in 74% of cases. At 12 months, 40% had developed oral tolerance. Sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics were similar between groups, but some self-reported parental atopic traits were more frequent in CMA cases. Conclusions. CMA prevalence in this Chilean cohort was comparable to that reported in high-income countries, with a predominance of non-IgE-mediated forms. These findings support the need for standardized diagnostic protocols, including OFC, in diverse populations. Future studies should explore long-term outcomes and risk factors in non-IgE-mediated CMA.Item Truths, Myths and Needs of Special Diets: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism, Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, and Vegetarianism(Karger, 2016) Cruchet, Sylvia; Lucero, Yalda; Cornejo, VeronicaDifferent dietary approaches have been attempted for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism, but only three of them have been subjected to clinical trials: education in healthy nutritional habits, supplementation and elimination diets. On the other hand, for multiple reasons, the number of people who adopt vegetarian and gluten-free diets (GFD) increases daily. More recently, a new entity, non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), with a still evolving definition and clinical spectrum, has been described. Although, the benefits of GFD are clearly supported in this condition as well as in celiac disease, in the last two decades, GFD has expanded to a wider population. In this review, we will attempt to clarify, according to the existing evidence, which are the myths and facts of these diets.