Browsing by Author "Cristi, Oscar"
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Item Entrepreneurship and subjective well-being: Does the motivation to start-up a firm matter?(2021) Amorós, José Ernesto; Cristi, Oscar; Naudé, WimAlthough there have been many studies on the subjective well-being of entrepreneurs, these have compared entrepreneurs’ well-being with those of non-entrepreneurs, or with economic and firm performance, or attempted to identify the determinants their subjective well-being. So far there have been only limited attempts to compare the subjective well-being of differently motivated entrepreneurs. This paper is an attempt to contribute filling this gap. We explore the relationship between the motivation for entering into entrepreneurship and subjective well-being. We use data from the Global ntrepreneurship Monitor in 70 countries covering 159,274 individuals. Using a two-stage probit least squares estimator to test the relationship between motivation and subjective well-being, with particular concern for the direction of causality, we find that necessity-motivated entrepreneurs report well-being levels similar to opportunity-motivated entrepreneurs. We also find that in countries where necessity entrepreneurship is more prevalent (typically developing countries), lower rates of entrepreneurial entry will be associated with higher reported subjective well-being of the necessity-motivated entrepreneurs. The upshot of our findings is that entrepreneurship, even if motivated by necessity, contributes to subjective well-being.Item Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries(2011) Amorós, José Ernesto; Cristi, OscarThis chapter analyzes the relationship between poverty and entrepreneurship. Previous works have argued that only growth oriented entrepreneurs have a tangible effect on aggregate economic activity. The chapter complements these works by arguing that necessity entrepreneurship influences aggregate economic activity too, especially in developing countries. The chapter hypothesizes that lower per capita income and higher income inequality are positively associated to the number of people pursuing entrepreneurial activities because the latter helps to reduce poverty. The chapter tests the hypotheses using GEM data, the Human Development Index, and World Bank Governance Indicators. The results support our intuition and show that total and necessity early-stage entrepreneurship both have a positive effect on countries´ poverty reduction trends.Item Surfeiting, the appetite may sicken: entrepreneurship and happiness(01/03/2014) Naudé, Wim; Amorós, José Ernesto; Cristi, OscarDo the presence and nature of entrepreneurship impact on national happiness, and are nations with happy citizens better for entrepreneurs to start new businesses? To provide tentative answers we survey the literature on entrepreneurship and subjective well-being and use various data sources to uncover the first evidence of the relationship between entrepreneurship and happiness at the country level. We find that opportunitymotivated entrepreneurship may contribute to a nation’s happiness but only to a certain point, at which the effects of happiness begin to decline. Moreover, our results suggest that a nation’s happiness affects earlystage opportunity-driven entrepreneurial activity.Item The bottom-up power of informal entrepreneurship(2016) Amorós, José Ernesto; Couyoumdjian, Juan Pablo; Cristi, Oscar; Minniti, MaríaInterest in the informal sector has a long history in economics (see Gerxhani, 2004 and Schneider and Enste, 2000 for a review of the literature), and is now receiving increasing attention in management (Bruton et al., 2008; Bowen and De Clercq, 2008; and Godfrey, 2012) and in entrepreneurship research (see the special issue of Strategic entrepreneurship Journal, 2014). Traditionally, the informal sector is perceived as an inefficient and potentially negative side of the economy since its operations tend to be characterized by low productivity. Informal activities are also viewed as having negative social dimensions. For example, since workers in the informal sector usually lack the protection of safety nets existing in the formal labor market, they are considered to be exposed to the risk of exploitation. In addition, informality is perceived as producing unfair competition for formal companies, as well as imposing a burden on national finances since it allows for the avoidance of taxes (Schneider and Enste, 2000). Considerations about the opportunity costs of the informal sector are particularly significant when taking into account that, while an informal sector exists in virtually every country, in some of them it accounts for more than half of total GDP (Schneider et al., 2010; ILO, 2011).