Browsing by Author "Chovar Vera, Alejandra"

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    Desigualdad e inequidad en la utilización de servicios médicos por grupos etarios en Chile, 2000-2011
    (School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2011) Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Chovar Vera, Alejandra; Paraje, Guillermo
    Este artículo considera esta heterogeneidad entre la población y examina índices de desigualdad e inequidad en la utilización de servicios médicos para niños, adultos, y adultos mayores en Chile entre el 2000 y 2011
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    Desigualdad e inequidad en la utilización de servicios médicos según grupos etarios en Chile, 2000–2011
    (2014) Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Paraje, Guillermo; Chovar Vera, Alejandra
    Objetivo. Calcular los índices de desigualdad e inequidad en la utilización de servicios médicos para menores, adultos y adultos mayores en Chile entre 2000 y 2011. Métodos. Se utiliza la encuesta CASEN (2000–2011) y se calculan el índice de concentración (IC) para medir la desigualdad y el índice de inequidad horizontal (IIH) para medir inequidad en la utilización de servicios médicos. Los grupos de análisis son cuatro: menores de 5 años, menores entre 6 y 18 años, adultos y adultos mayores. Resultados. Los resultados indican que la utilización de servicios de médicos especialistas presenta mayor nivel de desigualdad en los grupos de menores de edad y mayor nivel de inequidad en el grupo de adultos. En la utilización de servicios de atención dental, es el grupo de adultos mayores el de mayor desigualdad e inequidad. Las visitas a servicios de urgencias en los dos últimos años de los cuales se tienen datos (2009 y 2011), presentan mayor nivel de desigualdad en el grupo de adultos. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en los niveles de inequidad y desigualdad entre menores, adultos y adultos mayores a través de los años al menos en tres de las seis variables en estudio.
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    Inequality and Inequity in the Use of Medical Services in Chile, by Age Group, 2000-2011
    (2014) Chovar Vera, Alejandra; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Paraje, Guillermo
    Objective. To calculate indices of inequality and inequity in the use of medical services for children, adults, and older adults in Chile from 2000 to 2011. Methods. Based on the CASEN survey (2000-2011), the concentration index (CI) was calculated to measure inequality and the horizontal inequity index (HI) was calculated to measure inequity in the use of medical services. Four groups were studied: children under 5, children aged 6-18 years, adults, and older adults. Results. The results indicate higher levels of inequality in the use of specialized physician services in the child groups, and higher levels of inequity in the adult group. In the use of dental services, the greatest inequality and inequity is found among older adults. For visits to emergency services in the last two years for which data are available (2009 and 2011), the adult group shows a higher level of inequality. Conclusions. In terms of levels of inequity and inequality, there are differences among children, adults, and older adults over the years in at least three of the six variables studied.
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    Use of medical services in Chile: How sensitive are the results to different econometric models?
    (2022) Chovar Vera, Alejandra; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Paraje Pisoni, Guillermo; Barrientos Cifuentes, Manuel
    Background We compared different econometric specifications to model the use of medical services in Chile, focussing on visits to general practitioners and specialist physicians. Methods The evaluated models are the Poisson, Negative Binomial, Zero Inflated Poisson and Negative Binomial, two-step Hurdle model, sample-selection Poisson, and Latent Class model. These models were estimated using Chilean data for the years 2009 and 2015, separated by gender. Results Unlike previous literature that supported the use of the latent class model, our results show that the latent class model is not always the model with the best goodness of fit. Furthermore, the model with the best fit is not necessarily the model with the best predictive power. For instance, depending on the year and medical services, either the latent class model or the sample-selection Poisson model performs better than the other models. The results also show that the selection of the econometric model may have implications for the estimated influence that variables such as age, income, or affiliation to the public versus private sector have on the use of medical services. Conclusion Using Chilean data, we have tested that the selection of an econometric method to model the use of medical services is not a problem with a unique answer. We recommend performing a sensitivity analysis of goodness of fit and predictive power between gender, healthcare services, or different years of datasets in future applications to be sure about the best model specification in each context.

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