Browsing by Author "Castillo, Valentina"

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    Recomendaciones para la prevención de la influenza
    (2024) López, Valeska; Ferreira, Valentina; Scherpenisse, Diego; Castillo, Valentina; Kimura, Monserrat; Tala, Javiera
    Introducción: La influenza es una infección viral respiratoria de interés para salud pública por su impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad de población de riesgo, sumado a su potencial pandémico. El año 2024 la influenza causó aún más interés debido a casos graves reportados a nivel nacional. Objetivo: Describir las estrategias internacionales para el diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de la influenza, contrastar los resultados con la realidad nacional y realizar una recomendación en base a la evidencia encontrada. Metodología: Se utilizaron artículos de literatura indexada (PubMed, SciElo, ILACS). Se utilizaron términos clave MeSh en cada tópico con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: “Meta-Analysis”, “Review”, “Systematic Review”, “5 years”, “Humans”, “English”, “Spanish”. Resultado: Dentro de la prevención primaria, la vacunación es la estrategia principal. Debido a su alta variabilidad antigénica, es necesario monitorizar las cepas circulantes para actualizar las vacunas. Se ha identificado que algunos tipos de vacunas son más beneficiosas en pacientes que se requiere mejorar la respuesta inmunogénica. Para mejorar los resultados en el diagnóstico se recomienda realizar pruebas específicas. Dentro del tratamiento, los medicamentos más comunes son los inhibidores de la neuraminidasa, la administración dentro de 48 horas iniciado el cuadro disminuye la sintomatología y la probabilidad de desarrollar complicaciones. Discusión y Conclusión: La recomendación es ir paulatinamente agregando estrategias que han demostrado ser beneficiosas. Se necesitará un estudio costo efectivo para determinar cuál de ellas se debe priorizar. Dentro de las recomendaciones se encuentran: a) Estrategias de adherencia a la vacunación: Recordatorio mediante mensajes; b) Vacunación: Evaluar la incorporación de una vacuna tetravalente o trivalente dosis alta en población adulta mayor, diagnóstico a través de RT-PCR, y cobertura de antivirales. Introduction: Influenza is a respiratory viral infection of public health concern because of its impact on morbidity and mortality in at-risk populations, in addition to its pandemic potential. In 2024, influenza caused even more interest due to severe cases reported nationwide. Objective: Describe international strategies for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of influenza, contrast the results with the national reality and make a recommendation based on the evidence found. Metodology: Articles from indexed literature (PubMed, SciElo, ILACS) were used. MeSh key terms were used in each topic with the following inclusion criteria: “Meta-Analysis”, “Review”, “Systematic Review”, “5 years”, “Humans”, “English”, “Spanish”. Results: Within primary prevention, vaccination is the main strategy. Due to its high antigenic variability, it is necessary to monitor circulating strains in order to update vaccines. It has been identified that some types of vaccines are more beneficial in patients who need to improve the immunogenic response. To improve diagnostic results, specific tests are recommended. Within the treatment, the most common drugs are neuraminidase inhibitors, administration within 48 hours of onset reduces symptoms and the likelihood of developing complications. Discussion and Conclusion: The recommendation is to gradually add strategies that have proven to be beneficial. A cost-effective study will be needed to determine which of them should be prioritized. Among the recommendations are: a) Among the strategies for adherence to vaccination: Reminder through messages; b) Vaccination: Evaluate the incorporation of a tetravalent or trivalent high-dose vaccine in older adult population, diagnosis through RT-PCR, antiviral coverage.
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    The Reparative Abilities of Menstrual Stem Cells Modulate the Wound Matrix Signals and Improve Cutaneous Regeneration
    (2018) Cuenca, Jimena; Le-Gatt, Alice; Castillo, Valentina; Belletti, José; Díaz, Macarena; Kurte, Mónica; González, Paz; Alcayaga, Francisca; Schuh, Christina; Ezquer, Fernando; Ezquer, Marcelo; Khoury, Maroun
    Considerable advances have been made toward understanding the cellular and molecular mechanism of wound healing, however, treatments for chronic wounds remain elusive. Emerging concepts utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cord, adipose tissue and bone marrow have shown therapeutical advantages for wound healing. Based on this positive outcome, efforts to determine the optimal sources for MSCs are required in order to improve their migratory, angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and reparative abilities. An alternative source suitable for repetitive, non-invasive collection of MSCs is from the menstrual fluid (MenSCs), displaying a major practical advantage over other sources. This study aims to compare the biological functions and the transcriptomic pattern of MenSCs with umbilical cord MSCs in conditions resembling the wound microenvironment. Consequently, we correlate the specific gene expression signature from MenSCs with changes of the wound matrix signals in vivo. The direct comparison revealed a superior clonogenic and migratory potential of MenSCs as well as a beneficial effect of their secretome on human dermal fibroblast migration in vitro. Furthermore, MenSCs showed increased immunomodulatory properties, inhibiting T-cell proliferation in co-culture. We further, investigated the expression of selected genes involved in wound repair (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, AMPs, MMPs) and found considerably higher expression levels in MenSCs (ANGPT1 1.5-fold; PDGFA 1.8-fold; PDGFB 791-fold; MMP3 21.6-fold; ELN 13.4-fold; and MMP10 9.2-fold). This difference became more pronounced under a pro-inflammatory stimulation, resembling wound bed conditions. Locally applied in a murine excisional wound splinting model, MenSCs showed a significantly improved wound closure after 14 days, as well as enhanced neovascularization, compared to the untreated group. Interestingly, analysis of excised wound tissue revealed a significantly higher expression of VEGF (1.42-fold) among other factors, translating an important conversion of the matrix signals in the wound site. Furthermore, histological analysis of the wound tissue from MenSCs-treated group displayed a more mature robust vascular network and a genuinely higher collagen content confirming the pro-angiogenic and reparative effect of MenSCs treatment. In conclusion, the superior clonogenicity, immunosuppressive and migration potential in combination with specific paracrine signature of MenSCs, resulted in an enhanced wound healing and cutaneous regeneration process.

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