Browsing by Author "Castillo, Felipe"
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Publication Cáncer de vesícula: ¿Es momento de modificar el GES?(2025) Samaniego, Camila; De Aretxabala, Xabier; Castillo, Felipe; Paredes, Álvaro; González, MaríaChile presenta en la actualidad una de las más altas tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de vesícula en el mundo. En 2006 el Ministerio de Salud Chileno incluyó la colelitiasis (pacientes 35-49 años) y el tratamiento con colecistectomía dentro del programa de Garantías Explícitas de Salud (GES). Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del programa GES "Colecistectomía preventiva del cáncer de vesícula biliar" con la intención de proponer cambios en el programa. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de datos oficiales obtenidos de fuentes abiertas y mediante solicitud por transparencia desde el Ministerio de Salud e Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Resultados: Desde su inicio el año 2006, se han efectuado un total de 284.139 notificaciones de pacientes portadores de colelitiasis pertenecientes al rango etario entre 35 y 49 años. Lo anterior puede correlacionarse al número de colecistectomías practicadas como parte del programa. De estos, 229.546 fueron a pacientes mujeres. Durante los últimos 20 años, la mortalidad ajustada de la enfermedad ha mostrado una caída desde 15.16 muertes/100.000 habitantes hasta 6.72/100.000 habitantes el año 2021. La disminución en la tasa de mortalidad comenzó antes de la implementación del programa. A lo largo del país, se observan áreas claramente identificadas como de alta incidencia, especialmente en la zona centro sur. Mientras se identifican otras de baja incidencia en el norte". En cuanto a notificaciones GES existen regiones con alta notificación que no siempre se correlacionan con la incidencia. Existiendo áreas de alta incidencia y baja notificación. Conclusión: La disminución en la mortalidad del cáncer de vesícula en Chile, requiere que el programa de colecistectomía preventiva del cáncer de vesícula biliar sea modificado. Los recursos existentes debieran focalizarse en pacientes portadores de colelitiasis de áreas de alta incidencia además de portadores de factores de riesgo. Chile currently has one of the highest mortality rates from gallbladder cancer in the world. In 2006, the Chilean Ministry of Health included cholelithiasis (patients aged 35-49) and treatment with cholecystectomy within the Explicit Health Guarantees (GES) program. Aim: To evaluate the results of the GES Preventive Cholecystectomy Program for Gallbladder Cancer as to consider the need to propose changes to the model. Methods: retrospective analysis of official data from the Chile Ministry of Health and National Statistics Institute. Results: Since the program's inception in 2006, 284.139 notifications have been issued to patients aged between 35 and 49 with gallstones. Notifications can be correlated with the number of cholecystectomies performed under the program. Gallbladder cancer standardized mortality has shown a decrease over the last two decades, even before the program was implemented. High and low incidences are observed throughout the country. Regarding notifications, there are areas with a high incidence that are not always correlated with the areas with high notifications. Conclusion: The decrease in the standardized mortality of GBC in Chile requires modifying the present GES Preventive Cholecystectomy program for Gallbladder Cancer. Resources should be oriented to patients living in high-incidence areas with known risk factors.Item Effects of phaseolus vulgaris extract on lipolytic activity and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes: a strategy to prevent obesity(2019) Castillo, Felipe; González, Daniel R.; Moore-Carrasco, RodrigoBackground. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may be harmful for health. A global trend in this area is the search for natural compounds that have a proven beneficial effect and no clinical complications. Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) is a vegetable highly consumed worldwide. One of its effects, the most reported, is weight reduction in overweight individuals. Objective. +e objective of this study was to investigate the antiobesity activity of this legume in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in rat white adipose tissue in an ex vivo model. Design. Mature adipocytes 3T3-L1 and rat adipose tissue were treated with bean extracts. We quantified lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in rat white adipose tissue in an ex vivo model. Results. In an ex vivo assay with adipose tissue, methanolic and aqueous green bean extracts increased glycerol release to the medium compared to control (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively). Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with green bean extracts (800 and 1000 μg/mL) increased glycerol release significantly (p < 0.0001). Extracts at concentrations between 500 and 1000 μg/mL reduced intracellular triglyceride accumulation by 34.4% and 47.1% compared to control (p < 0.0001). Discussion. Our results propose that bioactive compounds of green beans exert a direct mechanism on adipocytes through lipolysis. Conclusion. We have identified a novel capacity of bean extracts related to lipolytic activity both in vitro and ex vivo, resulting in a powerful lipolytic effect. Moreover, we also found that bean extracts has an antiadipogenic effect during the differentiation of 3T3- L1 preadipocytes. +ese results suggest that bean is a good candidate for the development of functional ingredients that can help reduce the high rates of death from cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity.Publication Integration of T-cell clonality screening using TRBC-1 in lymphoma suspect samples by flow cytometry(2024) Castillo, Felipe; Morales, Constanza; Spralja, Biserka; Díaz Schmidt, Joaquín Andrés; Iruretagoyena, Mirentxu; Ernst, DanielBackground: The diagnosis of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) is challenging. The development of a monoclonal antibody specific for T-cell receptor β constant region 1 (TRBC1) provides an alternative to discriminate clonal T cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of an anti-TRBC1 mAb for the identification of T-NHL. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional diagnostic analytic study of samples tested for lymphoma. All samples sent for lymphoma screening were first evaluated using the standard Euroflow LST, to which a second additional custom-designed T-cell clonality assessment tube was added CD45/TRBC1/CD2/CD7/CD4/TCRγδ/CD3. Flow cytometry reports were compared with morphological and molecular tests. Results: Fifty-nine patient samples were evaluated. Within the T-cell population, cut-off percentages in the CD4+ cells were from 29.4 to 54.6% and from 23.9 to 52.1% in CD8+ cells. Cut-off ratios in CD4+ T cells were from 0.33 to 1.1, and in CD8+ cells between 0.22 and 1.0. Using predefined normal cut-off values, 18 of 59 (30.5%) samples showed a restricted expression of TRBC1. A final diagnosis of a T-NHL was confirmed clinically and/or by histopathological studies in 15 of the 18 cases (83.3%). There were no cases of T-NHL by morphology/IHC with normal TRBC1 expression. Non-neoplastic patient samples behaved between predefined TRBC1 cut-off values. Conclusions: Expression of TRBC1 provides a robust method for T-cell clonality assessment, with very high sensitivity and good correlation with complementary methods. TRBC1 can be integrated into routine lymphoma screening strategies via flow cytometry.Item Resección hepática extendida con vena cava inferior por colangiocarcinoma intrahepático. Presentación de 2 casos(2019) Rencoret, Guillermo; Vivanco, Marcelo; Castillo, Felipe; Schiappacasse, Giancarlo; de Aretxabala, Xabier; Bianchi, Víctor; Hepp, Juan; Ríos, HoracioIntroduction: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver tumor and surgical resection the only valid curative treatment. Case reports: We describe two patients harboring an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with cava vein involvement who underwent resection at Clinica Alemana of Santiago. Both patients were females with ages of 39 and 47 years old. Both patients underwent left liver resection, associated to resection of segment I and of a portion of cava vein. Reconstruction of resected portion of the cava vein was performed by using a pericardium bovine patch and primary closure respectively. Postoperative period was uneventfully being discharged at 13 and 23 days respectively. Discussion: Although surgical resection is the only way to get curativeness, frequent involvement of large vascular structures make treatment unfeasible. A multidisciplinary approach associated with a meticulous technique performed by an experienced surgical team make possible to accomplish the above objective.