Browsing by Author "Calvo, Esteban"
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Item Aging and health policies in chile: New Agendas for research(2017) Thumala, Daniela; Kennedy, Brian K; Calvo, Esteban; Gonzalez-Billault, Chriastian; Zitko, Pedro; Lillo, Patricia; Villagra, Roque; Ibáñez, Agustín; Assar, Rodrigo; Andrade, Maricarmen; Slachevsky, AndreaPopulation aging is among the most important global transformations. Compared to European and North American countries, Chile is among the countries with the fastest growth of life expectancy at birth during recent decades. The aging of Chile's population is related to the improvement of living conditions, but also entails risks that tend to be associated with a rapid economic growth accompanied by large income inequalities and a chronic deficit of basic social benefits. The rapid demographic transition towards an aged population has unfolded in a context of poor development of public policies to tackle the opportunities and needs associated with an aging society. This article provides a brief overview of current Chilean public policy on aging, with a focus on healthy aging as defined by World Health Organization. The discussion addresses core challenges to successfully achieve healthy aging in Chile.Item From Snapshots to Movies: The Association Between Retirement Sequences and Aging Trajectories in Limitations to Perform Activities of Daily Living(2019) Azar, Ariel; Standinger, Ursula; Slachevsky, Andrea; Madero-Cabib, Ignacio; Calvo, EstebanObjective: This study analyzes the dynamic association between retirement sequences and activities of daily living (ADLs) trajectories between ages 60 and 70. Method: Retirement sequences previously established for 7,880 older Americans from the Health and Retirement Study were used in hierarchical linear and propensity score full matching models, analyzing their association with ADL trajectories. Results: Sequences of partial retirement from full- or part-time jobs showed higher baseline and slower decline in ADL than sequences characterized by early labor force disengagement. Discussion: The conventional model in which people completely retire from a full-time job at normative ages and the widely promoted new conventional model of late retirement are both associated with better functioning than early labor force disengagement. But unconventional models, where older adults keep partially engaged with the labor force are also significantly associated with better functioning. These findings call attention to more research on potential avenues to simultaneously promote productive engagement and health later in life.Item Health conditions and unmet needs for assistance to perform activities of daily living among older adults with dementia in Chile(2018) Zhou, Yi; Slachevsky, Andrea; Calvo, EstebanObjective:This study aims to address gaps in health conditions and unmet needs in dailyactivities between people with dementia (PWD) and without dementia in a developing countryand to identify the variables associated with unmet needs among PWD to guide practitionersand policymakers in dealing with an increased burden of dementia.Methods:Nationally representative data on 4655 Chileans age 60 and over were used tocompare health conditions and unmet needs in daily life activities between individuals with(N = 455, 9.6%) and without dementia. Regression analysis was conducted to identify the vari-ables associated with unmet needs among PWD.Results:Overall, PWD had worse health and needed greater assistance in performing dailyactivities than people without dementia. Among PWD, being male was associated with moreunmet needs, in both activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL. Lower educationallevel and fewer caregivers were associated with more unmet needs for ADL, while inferior func-tional ability was associated with more unmet needs for instrumental ADL.Conclusions:The results from this study call for action by practitioners and policymakers tofoster caregiver training, increase supportive services, and advance care planning for PWD