Browsing by Author "Cabello, Rodrigo"

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    Implementación de un modelo in-vitro de ciclos erosivoabrasivos para el estudio del desgaste dental erosivo.
    (2025) Cabello, Rodrigo; Díaz, Mario; Gómez, Valeria
    Objetivo: Generar lesiones erosivas artificiales en bloques de esmalte dental humano por medio de la implementación de un modelo de ciclos erosivo-abrasivos utilizando pasta dental sin fluoruros in-vitro. Materiales y Métodos: Se prepararon 8 muestras de esmalte dental humano y se sometieron cíclicamente a seis ataques erosivos diarios mediante la inmersión de 2 minutos en ácido cítrico al 0,5%, cuyo pH=2,4 alternando con la exposición a saliva artificial durante una hora, proceso que fue realizado durante diez días. Adicionalmente, las muestras fueron expuestas a dos cepillados diarios con una pasta de dientes sin flúor. La cuantificación de la pérdida de tejido mineral se realizó con microtomografía computarizada y perfilometría de contacto. Resultados: Luego de la aplicación del modelo, se visualiza la generación de lesiones erosivas cuya media de pérdida de tejido fue de 18,08 μm (DE 4,71 μm) observada en Micro-CT y 21,9 μm (DE 2,59 µm) cuantificada utilizando perfilometría de contacto. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la efectividad del modelo para generar lesiones erosivas artificiales in-vitro. Objective: To generate artificial erosive lesions in human dental enamel samples by implementing an erosive-abrasive cycle model using fluoride-free toothpaste in-vitro. Materials and Methods: Eight human dental enamel samples were prepared and subjected to six daily erosive challenges. These challenges involved immersing the samples in 0.5% citric acid at pH 2.4 for 2 minutes, alternating with exposure to artificial saliva for one hour, over a period of ten days. Additionally, the samples were subjected to two daily brushings with fluoride-free toothpaste. Tissue loss was measured using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and contact stylus profilometry. Results: Following the application of the model, the generation of erosive lesions was observed, with a mean tissue loss of 18.08 μm (SD 4.71 µm) as seen in Micro-CT and 21.9 μm (SD 2.59 µm) as quantified using contact profilometry. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in generating artificial erosive lesions in-vitro.
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    Performance measures for in-hospital care of acute ischemic stroke in public hospitals in Chile
    (BioMed Central, 2013) Hoffmeister, Lorena; Lavados, Pablo; Comas, Merce; Vidal, Carolina; Cabello, Rodrigo; Castells, Xavier
    Background: The aim of this study were to describe acute care of ischemic stroke patients and adherence to performance measures, as well as the outcomes of these events, in a sample of patients treated in public hospitals in Chile. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients with ischemic stroke from a sample of seven public hospitals in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. We analyzed adherence to the following evidence-based measures: clinical evaluation at admission, use of intravenous thrombolysis, dysphagia screening and prescription of antithrombotic therapy at discharge. As outcome measures we analyzed post-stroke pneumonia and 30-day casefatality. We used a logistic regression model by each outcome with generalized estimating equations, which accounted for clustering of patients within hospitals and included sex, age (years), clinical status at admission (reduced level of consciousness, speech disturbance, aphasia and hemiplegia), comorbidities, dysphagia screening and neurological evaluation at admission as measures of acute stroke care. Results: We reviewed the charts of 677 patients, of which 52.3% were men. The mean age was 69.8 years in women and 66.3 years in men. Diagnosis of stroke was confirmed by a computed tomography scan within 4.5 hours of symptom onset in only 9.6% of the patients. Intravenous thrombolysis was administered in 1.7%. Dysphagia screening was performed in 12.1% (95% CI 9.7-15.0) and antithrombotic therapy was prescribed in 68.9% (95% CI 64.6-72.9). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 23.6% (95% CI 20.4-27.2). Thirty-day fatality was 8.7% (95% CI 6.7-11.3). The variables independently associated with 30-day case fatality were age (OR 1.08, 95% 1.06-1.10), pneumonia (OR 7.7, 95% 95% CI 4.0-14.7), aphasia (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.6), reduced level of consciousness (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.4), and speech disturbance (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9). No association was found between 30-day case fatality and dysphagia screening or neurological evaluation at admission. The factors associated with post-stroke pneumonia were female sex (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.3), age (OR 1.04 95% CI 1.03-1.05), diagnosis of diabetes (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.4), aphasia (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.7), hemiplegia (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), and reduced level of consciousness on admission (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.1-5.5). No association was found between pneumonia and dysphagia screening or neurological evaluation at admission. Conclusions: Adherence to evidence-based performance measures was low. Administration of intravenous thrombolysis was particularly low and diagnostic confirmation of ischemic stroke was delayed. The occurrence of post-stroke pneumonia was frequent and should be reduced. To improve acute stroke care in Chile, organizational change in the health service is urgently needed.

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