Browsing by Author "Baros Jorquera, Carla"
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Item Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife and in the built environment in a wildlife rehabilitation center(2021) Baros Jorquera, Carla; Moreno-Switt, Andrea I.; Sallaberry Pincheira, Nicole; Munita, José; Flores Navarro, Camila; Tardone, Rodolfo; González-Rocha, Gerardo; Singer, Randall S.; Bueno, IreneInjured and orphaned wildlife are often brought to Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers (WRC) to be cared for by professionals to ultimately be released back to their natural habitats. In these centers, animals may spend months and frequently receive prolonged antibiotic therapy. Therefore, WRC may play a role in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The goal of this study was to investigate the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacteria with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins in both the wildlife admitted to a WRC and in the WRC built environment in Chile. A cross-sectional study was conducted sampling animals undergoing rehabilitation (n =64) and the WRC environment (n =160). Isolated bacterial species were identified with MALDI-TOF, and antimicrobial susceptibility determined using the disk diffusion method. Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were the dominant bacterial families among the environ-mental (n =78) and animal (n =31) isolates. For Enterobacteriaceae, isolates of the most abundant species (E. coli) were classified into 20 antibiotic resistance profiles, with eight of those isolates being resistant to more than nine antibiotics, including imipenem. Isolates of the Pseudomonadaceae family identified 11 isolates with resistance to antibiotics such as carbapenems and quinolones. Even though a cluster analysis based on antibiotic resistance patterns did not show a clear overlap between environmental and animal isolates, it is important to highlight the identification of isolates resistant to carbapenems, which is very relevant from a public health perspective. Further, numerous antibiotic resistance profiles were observed in different bacterial species, indi-cating not only environmental contamination with a wide diversity of bacteria, but also a wide diversity of resistant bacteria in animals at the WRC. The approach taken by sampling animals and their hospital environ-ment can be useful in understanding AMR dynamics in wildlife rehabilitation settings, as well as the potential dissemination of AMR into the natural environment. 1. Introduction The interconnectedness between humans, animals, and the natural environment (otherwise known as One Health) is key in understanding and mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) given that resistant bacteria and resistance genes have the ability to move between these * Corresponding author at: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108. United States. E-mail address: [email protected] (I. Bueno). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect One Health journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/onehlt https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100298 Received 29 April 2021; Received in revised form 22 July 2021; Accepted 26 July 2021Item Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife and in the built environment in a wildlife rehabilitation center(2021) Baros Jorquera, Carla; Moreno-Switt, Andrea I.; Sallaberry Pincheira, Nicole; Munita, José; Flores Navarro, Camila; Tardone, Rodolfo; González-Rocha, Gerardo; Singer, Randall S.; Bueno, IreneInjured and orphaned wildlife are often brought to Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers (WRC) to be cared for by professionals to ultimately be released back to their natural habitats. In these centers, animals may spend months and frequently receive prolonged antibiotic therapy. Therefore, WRC may play a role in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The goal of this study was to investigate the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacteria with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins in both the wildlife admitted to a WRC and in the WRC built environment in Chile. A cross-sectional study was conducted sampling animals undergoing rehabilitation (n =64) and the WRC environment (n =160). Isolated bacterial species were identified with MALDI-TOF, and antimicrobial susceptibility determined using the disk diffusion method. Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were the dominant bacterial families among the environ-mental (n =78) and animal (n =31) isolates. For Enterobacteriaceae, isolates of the most abundant species (E. coli) were classified into 20 antibiotic resistance profiles, with eight of those isolates being resistant to more than nine antibiotics, including imipenem. Isolates of the Pseudomonadaceae family identified 11 isolates with resistance to antibiotics such as carbapenems and quinolones. Even though a cluster analysis based on antibiotic resistance patterns did not show a clear overlap between environmental and animal isolates, it is important to highlight the identification of isolates resistant to carbapenems, which is very relevant from a public health perspective. Further, numerous antibiotic resistance profiles were observed in different bacterial species, indi-cating not only environmental contamination with a wide diversity of bacteria, but also a wide diversity of resistant bacteria in animals at the WRC. The approach taken by sampling animals and their hospital environ-ment can be useful in understanding AMR dynamics in wildlife rehabilitation settings, as well as the potential dissemination of AMR into the natural environment.