Browsing by Author "Andrade, Maricarmen"

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    Aging and health policies in chile: New Agendas for research
    (2017) Thumala, Daniela; Kennedy, Brian K; Calvo, Esteban; Gonzalez-Billault, Chriastian; Zitko, Pedro; Lillo, Patricia; Villagra, Roque; Ibáñez, Agustín; Assar, Rodrigo; Andrade, Maricarmen; Slachevsky, Andrea
    Population aging is among the most important global transformations. Compared to European and North American countries, Chile is among the countries with the fastest growth of life expectancy at birth during recent decades. The aging of Chile's population is related to the improvement of living conditions, but also entails risks that tend to be associated with a rapid economic growth accompanied by large income inequalities and a chronic deficit of basic social benefits. The rapid demographic transition towards an aged population has unfolded in a context of poor development of public policies to tackle the opportunities and needs associated with an aging society. This article provides a brief overview of current Chilean public policy on aging, with a focus on healthy aging as defined by World Health Organization. The discussion addresses core challenges to successfully achieve healthy aging in Chile.
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    Fragilidad: en busca de herramientas de evaluación preoperatoria
    (2020) Vargas, Javiera; Gálvez, María de los Ángeles; Rojas, Mariana; Honorato, Macarena; Andrade, Maricarmen; Leyton, Patricio; Mardones, Gabriela; Morales, Julián; Pérsico, Daniela; Rojas, Fernanda; Moreno, Duby; Becker, Erika; Cavada, Gabriel; Carvajal, Cristóbal
    In the perioperative context, a frailty evaluation scale must consider certain characteristics such as validation, execution speed, simplicity, the capacity to measure multiple dimensions and not being dependent on a cognitive or physical test that could not be performed prior to surgery. The test should select patients that could benefit from interventions aimed to improve their postoperative outcomes. Aim: To validate two frailty evaluation scales for the perioperative period. Material and Methods: The Risk Analysis Index with local modifications (RAI-M) were applied to 201 patients aged 73 ± 7 years (49% women) and the Edmonton frailty scale were applied in 151 patients aged 73 ± 7 years (49% women) in the preoperative period. Their results were compared with the Rockwood frailty index. Results: The Edmonton frail scale showed adequate psychometric properties and assessed multiple dimensions through 8 of the 11 original questions, achieving a discrimination power over 80% compared to the Rockwood Index. The RAI- M, demonstrated solid psychometric properties with a tool that examines 4 dimensions of frailty through 15 questions and reviewing the presence of 11 medical comorbidities. This scale had a discrimination power greater than 85% and it was significantly associated with prolongation of the planned hospital stay and mortality. Conclusions: RAI-M is a short and easily administered scale, useful to detect frailty in the preoperative period

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