Browsing by Author "Altimir, Carolina"

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    Disentangling the change–alliance relationship: Observational assessment of the therapeutic alliance during change and stuck episodes
    (2016) Mellado, Augusto; Suárez, Nicolás; Altimir, Carolina; Martínez, Claudio; Pérez Ewert, J. Carola; Krause, Mariane
    The therapeutic alliance is considered the most robust process variable associated with positive therapeutic outcome in a variety of psychotherapeutic models [Alexander, L. B., & Luborsky, L. (1986). The Penn Helping Alliance Scales. In L. S. Greenberg & W. M. Pinsoff (Eds.), The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook (pp. 325–356). New York: Guilford Press; Horvath, A. O., Gaston, L., & Luborsky, L. (1993). The alliance as predictor of benefits of counseling and therapy. In N. Miller, L. Luborsky, J. Barber, & J. P. Docherty (Eds.), Psychodynamic treatment research: A handbook for clinical practice (pp. 247–274). New York, NY: Basic Books; Horvath, A. O., Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48, 9–16; Orlinky, D., Grawe, K., & Parks, B. (1994). Process and outcome in psychotherapy: Noch einmal. In A. Bergin & J. S. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behaviour change (4th ed., pp. 270–378). New York, NY: Wiley and Sons]. The relationship between alliance and outcome has traditionally been studied based on measures that assess these therapy factors at a global level. However, the specific variations of the alliance process and their association with therapy segments that are relevant for change have not yet been fully examined. The present study examines the variations in the therapeutic alliance in 73 significant in-session events: 35 change and 38 stuck episodes identified through the observation of 14 short-term therapies of different theoretical orientations. Variations in the alliance were assessed using the VTAS-SF [Shelef, K., & Diamond, G. (2008). Short form of the revised Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale: Development, reliability, and validity. Psychotherapy Research, 18, 433–443]. Nested analyses (HLM) indicate a statistically significant better quality of the alliance during change episodes.
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    Generic change indicators in therapeutic processes with different outcomes
    (2015) Krause, Mariane; Altimir, Carolina; Pérez Ewert, J. Carola; Parra, Guillermo de la
    Objectives: This paper analyzes the relationship between ongoing change and final outcome in therapies carried out in natural settings with 39 clients. Method: Ongoing change was assessed through generic change indicators (GCIs), an observational method designed to label the content of change moments by selecting one specific GCI from the sequence of 19 that covers from more rudimentary and low complexity to more elaborated and complex changes. These GCIs can also be grouped into three broad stages of change, according to their level of complexity. Productivity indicators were generated to account for the number of GCIs (total and grouped by stage) adjusted by the length of therapy and the respective individual production of GCIs. Outcome, in turn, is understood as the final result of therapy and was measured by Lambert's Outcome Questionnaire (OQ 45.2). Results: Using the Reliable Change Index of this measure, which qualifies the difference between initial and final scores, therapies were grouped into “good outcome” and “poor outcome” cases. Findings indicate that therapies with good final outcome show a greater presence of Stage III GCIs during the process. Furthermore, in these therapies there is a significant association between Stage I GCI productivity and the productivity of Stages II and III GCIs. This is not the case for poor outcome cases, where results show a greater productivity of initial stage GCIs, mostly in the second half of therapy and no relation of this productivity with Stage II and Stage III GCIs. Conclusions:Results support the relation of ongoing change and final outcome. Possibilities for the clinical use of GCIs, specifically for monitoring ongoing therapies, are discussed.
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    Therapeutic verbal communication in change episodes: a comparative microanalysis of linguistic basic forms
    (2016) Krause, Mariane; Altimir, Carolina; Pérez Ewert, J. Carola; Echávarri, Orietta; Valdés, Nelson; Strasser, Katherine
    This study examines clients’ and therapists’ verbal communication during psychotherapy, in order to determine its relation to ongoing change and outcome. It replicates previous studies showing the specificity of verbalizations depending on the speaker (client or therapist) and the phase of therapy, adding its relation to change measured at the level of process and final outcome. 7,009 speaking turns of clients and therapists, nested in 139 change episodes, were analysed regarding the use of the five Linguistic Basic Forms included in the Therapeutic Activity Coding System (TACS) through Hierarchical Modelling. Results show that three of these Linguistic Basic Forms — Question, Assertion and Agreement — are related to ongoing change as well as to final outcome.
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    "Working Alliance Inventory" Versión Observacional: Traducción, Adaptación y Validación al Castellano
    (2013) Vöhringer C., Carlos; Pérez Ewert, J. Carola; Martínez, Claudio; Altimir, Carolina; Dagnino, Paula; Suárez, Nicolás; Krause, Mariane
    La investigación ha demostrado la fuerte relación entre alianza terapéutica y resultados en psicoterapia. Una buena alianza está asociada a mejores resultados en psicoterapia. Para medir alianza se han desarrollado una serie de instrumentos para terapeutas, pacientes, y observadores. Los instrumentos observacionales son menos intrusivos, disminuyendo los posibles efectos que las mediciones tendrían en el tratamiento. Además, han resultado más válido en algunas poblaciones clínicas. En Chile no se cuenta con un instrumento confiable y validado que mida alianza terapéutica desde la perspectiva de un observador. El presente artículo da cuenta de la traducción al castellano, y la adaptación y validación del WorkAlliance Inventory (WAI-0) en su versión observacional para Chile. El (WAI-0) es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir alianza terapéutica.
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    “Working Alliance Inventory” Versión Observacional: Traducción, Adaptación y Validación al Castellano
    (2013) Vöhringer C., Carlos; Pérez, Carola; Martínez, Claudio; Altimir, Carolina; Dagnino, Paula; Suárez, Nicolás; Krause, Mariane
    La investigación ha demostrado la fuerte relación entre alianza terapéutica y resultados en psicoterapia. Una buena alianza está asociada a mejores resultados en psicoterapia. Para medir alianza se han desarrollado una serie de instrumentos para terapeutas, pacientes, y observadores. Los instrumentos observacionales son menos intrusivos, disminuyendo los posibles efectos que las mediciones tendrían en el tratamiento. Además, han resultado más válido en algunas poblaciones clínicas. En Chile no se cuenta con un instrumento confiable y validado que mida alianza terapéutica desde la perspectiva de un observador. El presente artículo da cuenta de la traducción al castellano, y la adaptación y validación del Work Alliance Inventory (WAI-0) en su versión observacional para Chile. El (WAI-0) es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir alianza terapéutica.

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