Browsing by Author "Aguilar, Nicolas"
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Item How Active And Sedentary Is The Chilean Population?(American College of Sports Medicine, 2014) Aguilar, Nicolas; Leppe, JaimePURPOSE: Most of the evidence in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) has been obtained from developed countries; however in order to promote and improve global and local interventions, evidence from developing countries is needed. The purpose of this study was to describe the PA levels and SB in the Chilean population. METHODS: In 2009, a National Health Survey (ENS2010) was conducted in Chile in a randomized and representative sample of each of the 13 regions (urban and rural). Participants were visited twice for collection of demographic data and laboratory tests. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to measure PA and SB. In addition, a randomized subsample wore an ActiGraph GT3X (AG) for at least 7 days. RESULTS: A total of 5196 adults (40.0% male; age= 47.9(SD 18.0); BMI= 28.1 kg•m2 (SD 5.4)) completed the ENS-2010. Overall, GPAQ showed that 33.9%, 19.1% and 47.0% had low, moderate and high PA levels, respectively. Accumulated PA totalled 68% while working, 25% during transportation, and 7% in leisure activities. Only 15% reported leisure PA and 92.7% do not perform 30 or more minutes of PA at least 3 times per week. Based on AG data (N=207; 44% male; age=45.1 (SD 14.8); BMI= 27.4 kg•m2 (SD 4.8)), the mean times spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activities were 553 (SD=171), 317 (SD=98), 35 (SD=26) and 5 (SD=8) min•d-1, respectively. When moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was calculated for ≥10-min bouts, 5.8% met the PA guidelines (MVPA>150 min•wk-1); in contrast, when each minute of MVPA was included, 71.0% met the PA guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Despite more than half of the Chilean population having achieved moderate to high levels of PA as measured with self-report, a large proportion do not practice any PA during leisure time and a large part of the time spent in PA during a week is attributable to work. Like citizens of developed countries, Chileans spend, overall, 60% of their daily time in SB, and accumulate MVPA mostly in bouts of short duration.Item Is a single question of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) valid for measuring sedentary behaviour in the Chilean population?(Taylor & Francis Online, 2017) Aguilar, Nicolas; Leppe, JaimeA study was conducted to assess the validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for measuring sedentary behaviour (SB) in the Chilean adult population. About 217 adults (93/124 male/female, 43.8 ± 15.75 years) who were randomly selected during National Health Survey 2009-2010 completed the protocol. The participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X (AG) for 7 consecutive days and then completed the GPAQ (single-item question for measuring time spent sitting in a usual day). Validity was examined using Spearman's correlation, mean bias and limits of agreement (LoA), with AG (vertical axis <100 counts · min-1) as the reference standard for estimates of SB in bouts of 1 (AG1), 5 (AG5) and 10 (AG10) min. Agreement between the GPAQ and AG for classifying data into quartiles and tertiles was assessed with kappa method. The GPAQ showed fair correlation with AG1, AG5 and AG10 (range = 0.23-0.26), with large mean biases (range = -293.9, -76.12 min · day-1). Agreement between the GPAQ and AG1, AG5 and AG10 was poor for categorising time spent in SB into tertiles and quartiles. The single question from the GPAQ has shown fair validity for measuring SB and poor ability for correctly classifying individuals into tertiles or quartiles of SB in a Chilean population.Item Measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviors in pregnancy: a comparison of accelerometry and questionnaires(Elsevier, 2015) Leppe, Jaime; Aguilar, Nicolas; Mena, Maria; Besomi, Manuela; Roa, SoniaBackground: Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy may reduce the risk of maternal and fetal disorders. Few studies have validated questionnaires for use during pregnancy, a time characterized by different patterns of activity than nonpregnancy. Purpose: This study compares PA and Sedentary Behaviors (SB) using two questionnaire methods with objectively recorded physical activity using accelerometry in primary health care, in a population with low income and low educational level. Methods: The design was a longitudinal observational study of SB, PA intensity, type and duration using subjective and objective measurement methods. The women between 18 and 40 years old were recruited at primary care health. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) were used to measure PA and SB. For objectives measurement, the women wore accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X plus) for at least 7 days. The questionnaires (GPAQ-PPAQ) and accelerometry was measured in three times: first trimester between 8 and 10 weeks, second between 25 and 29 weeks and third trimester between 34 and 38 weeks gestation. Results: One hundred twelve women participated. The median (P25–P75) for Age = 26 (22–31) years, level of education = 12 (10–12) years, BMI = 27.4 (24.3–31.7). The 11% reported being married, and 63.9% have not work. PA by accelerometry and GPAQ: •According GPAQ by trimesters was median: 1◦ = 162.8 min/day, 2◦ = 107.1 min/day and 3◦ = 117.9 min/day. •According accelerometry PA level of moderate or vigorous intensity was median = 0 in all trimesters. SB by accelerometry and GPAQ: • According GPAQ by trimesters was median: 1◦= 180 min/day, 2◦= 240 min/day and 3◦= 240 min/day. • According accelerometry by trimesters was median: 1◦= 604 min/day, 2◦= 594 min/day and 3◦= 575 min/day. •The correlation between GPAQ and accelerometry was Spearman’s rho = 0.4, p < 0.01. PA and SB according PPAQ: •According PPAQ, energy expenditure associated with PA in each trimesters was median: 1 ◦ = 217 METs/hour/week, 2◦= 181 METs/hour/week and 3◦= 130 METs/hour/week. •The correlation between energy expenditure PPAQ and accelerometry was Spearman’s rho = 0.3 p= 0.03 • For SB, the correlation between PPAQ and accelerometry was Spearman’s rho = 0.3, p= 0.02. The decrease in PA according GPAQ and PPAQ during pregnancy is statistically significant p < 0.05. Conclusion(s): The objective measurement of PA shows that this group does not adhere to the recommendations PA level according American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists or World Health Organization. Pregnant women overestimated the time spent in physical activities and underestimated the time spent in sedentary behaviours. Objective methods should be used where possible in studies measuring physical activity in pregnancy. Implications: This study indicates a need for more information and motivation for moderate exercise throughout pregnancy in this group. The physical therapist is the professional who can and should do health promotion in this area.