Browsing by Author "Acevedo, Francisco"
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Item A Molecular Stratification of Chilean Gastric Cancer Patients with Potential Clinical Applicability(MDPI, Basel Sz., 2020) Pinto, Mauricio; Córdova-Delgado, Miguel; Retamal, Ignacio; Muñoz-Medel, Matías; Bravo, Loreto; Durán, Doris; Villanueva, Francisco; Sánchez, César; Acevedo, Francisco; Mondaca, Sebastián; Érica, Koch; Ibáñez, Carolina; Galindo, Héctor; Madrid, Jorge; Nervi, Bruno; Peña, José; Torres, Javiera; Garrido, Marcelo; Owen, Gareth I.; Corvalán, Alejandro H.; Armisén, RicardoGastric cancer (GC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. In recent decades, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) defined GC molecular subtypes. Unfortunately, these systems require high-cost and complex techniques and consequently their impact in the clinic has remained limited. Additionally, most of these studies are based on European, Asian, or North American GC cohorts. Herein, we report a molecular classification of Chilean GC patients into five subtypes, based on immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods. These were Epstein–Barr virus positive (EBV+), mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D), epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like, and accumulated (p53+) or undetected p53 (p53−). Given its lower costs this system has the potential for clinical applicability. Our results confirm relevant molecular alterations previously reported by TCGA and ACRG. We confirm EBV+ and MMR-D patients had the best prognosis and could be candidates for immunotherapy. Conversely, EMT-like displayed the poorest prognosis; our data suggest FGFR2 or KRAS could serve as potential actionable targets for these patients. Finally, we propose a low-cost step-by-step stratification system for GC patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Latin American report on a molecular classification for GC. Pending further validation, this stratification system could be implemented into the routine clinicPublication Longitudinal study of wound healing status and bacterial colonisation of Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium diphtheriae in epidermolysis bullosa patients(2022) Fuentes, Ignacia; Joao, María; Morandé, Pilar; Varela, Carmen; Orostica, Karen; Acevedo, Francisco; Rebolledo, Boris; Arancibia, Esteban; Porte, Lorena; Palisson, FrancisEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder characterised by skin fragility and the appearance of blisters and wounds. Patient wounds are often colonised or infected with bacteria, leading to impaired healing, pain and high risk of death by sepsis. Little is known about the impact of bacterial composition and susceptibility in wound resolution, and there is a need for longitudinal studies to understand healing outcomes with different types of bacterial colonisation. A prospective longitudinal study of 70 wounds from 15 severe EB patients (Junctional and Recessive Dystrophic EB) from Chile. Wounds were selected independently of their infected status. Wound cultures, including bacterial species identification, composition and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) antibiotic susceptibility were registered. Wounds were separated into categories according to their healing capacity, recognising chronic, and healing wounds. Hundred-one of the 102 wound cultures were positive for bacterial growth. From these, 100 were SA-positive; 31 were resistant to Ciprofloxacin (31%) and only seven were methicillin-resistant SA (7%). Ciprofloxacin-resistant SA was found significantly predominant in chronic wounds (**P < .01). Interestingly, atoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (CD) was identified and found to be the second most abundant recovered bacteria (31/101), present almost always in combination with SA (30/31). CD was only found in Recessive Dystrophic EB patients and not related to wound chronicity. Other less frequent bacterial species found included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococus spp. and Proteus spp. Infection was negatively associated with the healing status of wounds.Publication Retrospective study on disparities in time-to-treatment by health insurance system in Chilean breast cancer patients(2025) Acevedo, Johanna; Ip, Teresa; Maureira, Lea; Sanchez, Cesar; Osorio, Claudia; Carvajal, Claudia; Rafael Araos; Araos Bralic, Rafael Ignacio; Letelier, Hernan; Acevedo, Francisco; Merino, TomasIntroduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the Americas, and the second leading cause of cancer death. Disparities in the time to treatment can significantly impact patient outcomes and typically affect lower socioeconomic individuals and/or ethnic minorities. Our study sought to evaluate disparities in time to treatment at three health institutions in Chile according to their type of health insurance (public or private). Methods: Our study analyzed a database of breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2017 and 2018. Analyses included descriptive statistics and a linear regression model that incorporated clinical and demographic variables. Additionally, using a proportional risks model, we analyzed the association between clinical variables and mortality. Results: Public health insurance (National Health Fund, FONASA) was associated with longer time-to-treatment and extended treatment times versus private health insurance (Social Security Institutions, ISAPRE; p < 0.0001). As expected, a more advanced stage at diagnosis was associated with lower survival. Our proportional risks model found that age was a predictor of breast cancer mortality in stage II patients. Also, total treatment time significantly increased the risk of breast cancer mortality in stage I patients. Conversely, total treatment time did not affect mortality on stages II or III. Conclusions: We found significant disparities in the time to treatment of Chilean breast cancer patients using FONASA versus private ISAPRE. FONASA patients experience delays in the initiation of treatment and longer total treatment times compared to their private insurance counterparts. Finally, longer time-to-treatment was associated with more advanced stages and increased mortality. INTRODUCCIÓN El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más frecuente y la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en el continente americano. Diferencias en los tiempos de espera al tratamiento típicamente afectan a individuos de bajo nivel socioeconómico y minorías étnicas, impactando también el pronóstico y la sobrevida. Este estudio evaluó las diferencias en tiempos de espera al tratamiento en relación al tipo de sistema de salud de los pacientes en tres instituciones de salud en Chile. MÉTODOS Se analizó una base de datos de pacientes de cáncer de mama diagnosticados entre 2017 y 2018. El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva y un modelo de regresión lineal que consideró variables clínico-demográficas. Además la asociación entre variables clínicas y mortalidad se evaluó a través de un análisis de riesgos proporcionales RESULTADOS El sistema público de salud (Fondo Nacional de Salud, FONASA) se asoció a tiempos de espera al tratamiento más largos y tiempos totales de tratamientos más prolongados en comparación con el sistema privado (Instituciones de Salud Previsional, ISAPRES; p < 0,0001). Etapas más avanzadas al diagnóstico se asociaron a menor sobrevida. El modelo de riesgos proporcionales demostró que la edad es un predictor de mortalidad de cáncer de mama en pacientes en etapa II. Además, el tiempo total de tratamiento aumentó significativamente el riesgo de mortalidad por cáncer de mama en pacientes en etapa I. En contraste, el tiempo total de tratamiento no afectó la mortalidad en etapas II ni III. CONCLUSIONES Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el tiempo de espera al tratamiento entre pacientes Chilenas de cáncer de mama usuarias de FONASA e ISAPRES. Las pacientes de FONASA experimentaron demoras en el inicio de sus tratamientos y tiempos totales de tratamiento más prolongados en comparación a usuarias del sistema privado. Por último, tiempos de espera al tratamiento más extensos se asociaron a etapas más avanzadas y mayor mortalidad.