Browsing by Author "Álvarez, María"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Estrategias de gestión emocional en profesionales de enfermería: Una revisión de la evidencia en entornos hospitalarios(2025) Colilef, Eduardo; Moreno, Antonia; Álvarez, María; Rojas, Maximiliano; Gironés, AntoniaLa práctica de enfermería en contextos hospitalarios conlleva una alta carga emocional derivada del contacto con el sufrimiento, muerte, presión institucional y exigencias del sistema sanitario. Estos factores se intensificaron durante la pandemia por COVID-19, incrementando el riesgo de burnout y deterioro del bienestar psicológico del personal de enfermería. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia disponible sobre estrategias de gestión emocional implementadas por profesionales de enfermería en contextos hospitalarios. Metodología: Búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO, utilizando términos MeSH como emotional regulation, hospital care, nurse y emotional stress. Se seleccionaron 20 artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2025 que cumplieron criterios de inclusión y rigor metodológico. Resultado: La carga emocional en enfermería es de origen multifactorial, influenciada por la sobrecarga laboral, la exposición a la muerte, los turnos rotativos y el escaso apoyo institucional. Se identificaron estrategias de intervención en tres niveles: individual (mindfulness, respiración consciente, yoga), grupal (apoyo entre colegas, Death Cafés) e institucional (programas como WISER, WELL-B y Mind Management Skills for Life). Discusión: Los hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de integrar la gestión emocional como una competencia profesional esencial. Las estrategias individuales son efectivas cuando se sustentan en una cultura institucional de apoyo y bienestar. Se observa escasa evidencia latinoamericana y heterogeneidad cultural en la implementación de programas. Conclusión: La gestión emocional no debe depender únicamente del autocuidado individual, sino integrarse como parte de políticas institucionales sostenibles y culturalmente pertinentes al contexto intrahospitalario, favoreciendo entornos laborales saludables y su incorporación en la formación profesional. Introduction: Nursing practice in hospital settings entails a high emotional burden resulting from constant exposure to suffering, death, institutional pressure, and the demands of the healthcare system. These factors intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the risk of burnout and the deterioration of nurses’ psychological well-being. Objective: This literature review aimed to analyze the available evidence on emotional management strategies implemented by nursing professionals in hospital contexts. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and SciELO databases using MeSH terms such as emotional regulation, hospital care, nurse, and emotional stress. Twenty articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria and methodological rigor were selected. Result: The studies show that emotional burden in nursing is multifactorial, influenced by work overload, exposure to death, rotating shifts, and limited institutional support. Intervention strategies were identified at three levels: individual (mindfulness, conscious breathing, yoga), group (peer support, Death Cafés), and institutional (programs such as WISER, WELL-B, and Mind Management Skills for Life). Discussion: Findings highlight the need to integrate emotional management as an essential professional competency. Individual strategies are most effective when supported by an institutional culture of well-being and emotional support. There is limited Latin American evidence and notable cultural heterogeneity in the implementation of these programs. Conclusion: Emotional management should not rely solely on individual self-care but must be integrated into sustainable and culturally appropriate institutional policies within hospital settings, fostering healthy work environments and promoting its inclusion in professional nursing education.Item Fomentar el involucramiento de las familias del CESFAM la Granja en el tratamiento de los niños que asisten a la Sala de Estimulación.(2022) Ahumada, Sofía; Álvarez, María; Martínez, Patricia; Romo, Constanza; Toloza, SebastiánIntroducción: El trabajo interdisciplinario entre profesionales de enfermería y educación en la sala de estimulación (SE) está interferido y enlentecido, principalmente por el poco involucramiento de los apoderados en los tratamientos. Objetivo: analizar los diversos motivos por los cuales las familias tienen bajo involucramiento en las derivaciones hacia la SE y entregar herramientas educativas para afrontar esta problemática. Metodología: se realizaron entrevistas a profesionales del CESFAM, para detectar necesidades y así buscar las herramientas necesarias para solucionarlas. Con esto, se realizaron dos testeos, en la primera etapa de motivación, se entregará un video, en la etapa de desarrollo se realizará una intervención educativa mediante la entrega de material informativo y didáctico y para finalizar, en la etapa de evaluación se valorará y detectará el éxito de las intervenciones a través de una encuesta realizada a los apoderados de la SE. Resultado: el 100% de los invitados participó en la intervención y logró conocer la importancia de la estimulación temprana, después de la intervención. Además, se detectó un grado de desinformación con respecto a la SE y la ansiedad o miedo que la derivación genera. Discusión: Se obtuvieron similitudes en cuanto a la comparación de los respaldos seleccionados por el grupo de estudiantes. Los participantes no conocían la importancia de la estimulación o del juego. Conclusión: los objetivos planteados por el equipo de trabajo interdisciplinario se lograron, entregando a los padres un mayor conocimiento e información respecto al trabajo realizado en la SE y las derivaciones de sus hijos.Publication Inactivated Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Immunity in Children(2022) Soto, Jorge; Melo, Felipe; Gutierrez, Cristián; Schultz, Bárbara; Berríos, Roslye; Rivera, Daniela; Piña, Alejandro; Hoppe, Guillermo; Duarte, Luisa; Vázquez, Yaneisi; Moreno, Daniela; Ríos, Mariana; Palacios, Pablo; Garcia, Richard; Santibañez, Álvaro; Pacheco, Gaspar; Mendez, Constanza; Andrade, Catalina; Silva, Pedro; Diethelm, Benjamín; Astudillo, Patricio; Calvo, Mario; Cárdenas, Antonio; González, Marcela; Goldsack, Macarena; Gutiérrez, Valentina; Potin, Marcela; Schilling, Andrea; Tapia, Lorena; Twele, Loreto; Villena, Rodolfo; Grifoni, Alba; Sette, Alessandro; Weiskopf, Daniela; Fasce, Rodrigo; Fernández, Jorge; Mora, Judith; Ramírez, Eugenio; Gaete, Aracelly; Acevedo, Mónica; Valiente, Fernando; Soto, Ricardo; Retamal, Angello; Muñoz, Nathalia; PedCoronaVac03CL Study Group; Meng, Xing; Xin, Qianqian; Alarcón, Eduardo; González, José; Le Corre, Nicole; Álvarez, María; González, Pablo; Abarca, Katia; Perret, Cecilia; Carreño, Leandro; Bueno, Susan; Kalergisa, AlexisMultiple vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, trials addressing the immune response in the pediatric population are scarce. The inactivated vaccine CoronaVac has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 clinical trial in a pediatric cohort in China. Here, we report interim safety and immunogenicity results of a phase 3 clinical trial for CoronaVac in healthy children and adolescents in Chile. Participants 3 to 17 years old received two doses of CoronaVac in a 4-week interval until 31 December 2021. Local and systemic adverse reactions were registered for volunteers who received one or two doses of CoronaVac. Whole-blood samples were collected from a subgroup of 148 participants for humoral and cellular immunity analyses. The main adverse reaction reported after the first and second doses was pain at the injection site. Four weeks after the second dose, an increase in neutralizing antibody titer was observed in subjects relative to their baseline visit. Similar results were found for activation of specific CD4+ T cells. Neutralizing antibodies were identified against the Delta and Omicron variants. However, these titers were lower than those for the D614G strain. Importantly, comparable CD4+ T cell responses were detected against these variants of concern. Therefore, CoronaVac is safe and immunogenic in subjects 3 to 17 years old, inducing neutralizing antibody secretion and activating CD4+ T cells against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under no. NCT04992260.) IMPORTANCE This work evaluated the immune response induced by two doses of CoronaVac separated by 4 weeks in healthy children and adolescents in Chile. To date, few studies have described the effects of CoronaVac in the pediatric population. Therefore, it is essential to generate knowledge regarding the protection of vaccines in this population. Along these lines, we reported the anti-S humoral response and cellular immune response to several SARS-CoV-2 proteins that have been published and recently studied. Here, we show that a vaccination schedule consisting of two doses separated by 4 weeks induces the secretion of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, CoronaVac induces the activation of CD4+ T cells upon stimulation with peptides from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. These results indicate that, even though the neutralizing antibody response induced by vaccination decreases against the Delta and Omicron variants, the cellular response against these variants is comparable to the response against the ancestral strain D614G, even being significantly higher against Omicron.Item Promoting the Participation of “Hard-to-Reach” Migrant Populations in Qualitative Public Health Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile(2023) Blukacz, Alice; Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Carreño, Alejandra; Álvarez, María; Madrid, Paula; Rada, IsabelThe COVID-19 pandemic has further deepened socioeconomic and health inequities worldwide, especially among populations experiencing social vulnerability, such as international migrants. Sustained lockdowns and social distancing have raised challenges to conducting public health research with hard-to-reach populations. This study aims at exploring strategies to recruit “hard-to-reach” international migrants for qualitative public health research during the pandemic in Chile, based on the authors’ experience. A retrospective qualitative evaluation process was carried out on the recruitment processes of three qualitative research projects focused on international migrants in Chile. All projects were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, demanding complementary and flexible strategies: (i) social media; (ii) snowball sampling; (iii) referrals from social workers and pro-migrant and migrant-led organizations; (iv) vaccination centers and healthcare centers; and (v) community-based recruitment. The strategies are qualitatively evaluated around seven emerging qualitative categories: (i) feasibility during lockdown periods; (ii) speed of recruitment; (iii) geographical coverage; (iv) sample diversity; (v) proportion of successful interviews; (vi) ethical considerations; and (vii) cost. Engaging hard-to-reach international migrants in public health research during the pandemic required constantly adapting recruitment strategies. Furthermore, relying on strategies that were not only Internet-based promoted the participation of populations with limited access to the Internet and low-digital literacy.