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Distanciamiento en el género romántico: un análisis del género romántico en las películas chilenas según los cánones estadounidenses
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Ceballos, Pía; Reyes, Sofía; Estévez Baeza, Antonella
Virtual reality training is associated with high satisfaction and self-perceived surgical confidence in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Experience from an orthopedic residency pilot study
(2026) Guiloff, Rodrigo; Pino, Ernesto; Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Cabrolier, Jorge; Schulmeyer, Juan; Radkievich, Ruben; Vaisman, Alex; Rafael, Calvo; Figueroa, David
Introduction/objective: Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used in surgical education by enabling risk-free, immersive, and independent training. As orthopedic surgery residency programs increasingly integrate VR-based simulation, evidence regarding trainee satisfaction and self-perceived confidence remains scarce. This study aims to evaluate orthopedic surgery residents' satisfaction and self-perceived confidence following VR-based simulation training (VRT) in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The hypothesis is that VRT would result in high satisfaction and improve confidence in performing the procedure.
Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted on 12 orthopedic surgery residents (4 per postgraduate year) from a three-year residency program. Residents with prior VR-based ACLR simulation experience were excluded. Each participant completed two VRT sessions using PrecisionOS software on the Oculus Quest 2 headset, practicing the inside-out ACLR technique. Pre- and post-training assessments included a validated five-point Likert scale and the net promoter score (NPS) to measure satisfaction and self-perceived confidence.
Results: Eleven residents (91.7%) completed the study. Overall satisfaction with VRT was high, with most participants rating the experience as "agree" or "strongly agree" across all learning dimensions. The second session showed higher median satisfaction scores in five of six items. Participants valued VR training to improve procedural understanding, facilitate content application, and reinforce skills through immersive, tutor-independent learning. Overall, all sections achieved positive NPS values exceeding 40 (41-73), highlighting that VR training was an engaging way to learn. Third-year residents reported the greatest improvement regarding self-perceived confidence in executing the procedure, particularly to perform as the primary surgeon. First- and second-year residents showed increased confidence in assisting the procedure.
Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that VR-based ACLR training is well accepted by orthopedic surgery residents and provides a highly satisfactory and immersive learning experience. Residents reported improved understanding of procedural steps and increased self-perceived confidence, with senior residents benefiting most in relation to the primary surgeon role and junior residents reporting greater confidence in assisting in the procedure. These findings support the feasibility and acceptability of VR simulation as a self-directed educational tool within orthopedic residency training programs
Las Claves del camino a Los Oscars: Cuatro hitos de la cinematografía chilena
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Carrasco Segovia, Maira; Fuentes Santelices, Javier; Estévez Baeza, Antonella
Lateral extra-articular tenodesis reduces graft failure without affecting functional outcomes after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A retrospective comparative study with 6-year follow-up
(2026) Gonzalez, Waldo; Isla, Jorge; Sandoval , Alfredo; Figueroa, Francisco; Itriago, Minerva; Figueroa, David
Introduction: Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is associated with a substantially higher risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure than primary ACLR. Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has gained increasing attention as an adjunctive procedure to enhance rotatory stability and potentially reduce the rate of ACL graft failure. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and functional outcomes between patients undergoing isolated revision ACLR and those undergoing revision ACLR with concomitant LET. We hypothesized that the addition of LET would reduce the incidence of ACL graft failure without compromising functional outcomes or return-to-sport rates.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included skeletally mature patients who underwent first-time revision ACLR with a minimum follow-up of four years. Patients were divided into two groups according to surgical technique: isolated revision ACLR (n = 58) and revision ACLR with LET (n = 65). ACL graft failure was defined as clinically confirmed graft rupture based on a positive pivot-shift or Lachman test, magnetic resonance imaging, or the need for further revision ACLR. Demographic characteristics, surgical details, and patient-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] and Tegner activity scale) were compared between groups.
Results: A total of 123 patients were analyzed (mean age: 27.1 ± 8.0 years) with a mean follow-up of 6.0 years (range: 4.5-7.3 years). Functional outcomes were comparable between groups (IKDC score: 80.4 ± 9.2 vs 84.1 ± 8.8; p = 0.86; Tegner score: 6.6 ± 1.3 vs 6.7 ± 1.2; p = 0.92). ACL graft failure occurred in 11 patients (18.3%) in the isolated revision ACLR group and in 2 patients (3.3%) in the revision ACLR with LET group (p = 0.03; odds ratio: 0.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.72). Sixty percent of all patients (74/123) returned to sport, including 50 (40.6%) who reached their preinjury level, with no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.41).
Conclusion: The addition of an LET to revision ACLR significantly reduced the rate of ACL graft failure without adversely affecting functional recovery or return-to-sport rates. This procedure may serve as a valuable adjunct for selected high-risk patients undergoing revision ACLR
Resultados de una intervención educativa enfocada en la detección temprana del cáncer de mamas en pacientes del CRS del Hospital Padre Hurtado
(2026) Fuenzalida, Sofía; Bugueño, Karla; Castillo, Catalina; Celis, Sofía; Estruga, Itxaro; Navarro, María; Venegas, Trinidad
Introducción: Se presenta una intervención educativa realizada en el Hospital Padre Hurtado para abordar el déficit de conocimiento en la población sobre la prevención y detección temprana de cáncer de mama. Entrevistas y experiencias clínicas evidenciaron creencias erróneas, baja comprensión de factores de riesgo y desconocimiento sobre el autoexamen mamario, lo que, sumado a la alta prevalencia de la patología, justifica esta instancia. Objetivo: Entregar información clara sobre el cáncer de mama, corregir creencias erróneas, sensibilizar respecto a la detección precoz y el autoconocimiento corporal, y desarrollar habilidades prácticas para la realización del autoexamen mamario. Metodología: La intervención se planificó según el Modelo de Diseño Centrado en el Usuario y el Modelo de Educación
de Adultos de Jane Vella. Participaron 25 usuarios de distintas edades. Se realizaron lluvias de ideas, ruleta educativa, maquetas anatómicas, prácticas guiadas de autoexamen e infografías. La técnica fue evaluada mediante pauta de cotejo y el impacto final mediante reflexiones escritas. Resultado: La participación alcanzó un 100%. El 92% de los participantes realizó correctamente el autoexamen y un 88% adquirió nuevos conocimientos. Se observó mejor comprensión de signos de alarma, factores de riesgo y la eliminación de creencias erróneas. Discusión: Las estrategias educativas visuales, prácticas y dialogadas demostraron ser efectivas para promover un aprendizaje significativo, especialmente en grupos con limitado acceso a información de salud comprensible. Conclusión: La intervención cumplió todos los objetivos planteados y evidencia la importancia del rol educativo de enfermería para favorecer el autocuidado comunitario y la detección temprana del cáncer de mama.
Introduction: This paper presents an educational intervention carried out at Padre Hurtado Hospital to address the population’s knowledge gap regarding breast cancer prevention and early detection. Interviews and clinical experiences revealed misconceptions, low understanding of risk factors, and limited knowledge about breast self-examination, which—together with the high prevalence of this condition—justified the intervention. Objective: To provide clear information about breast cancer, correct misconceptions, raise awareness about early detection and body self- awareness, and develop practical skills for performing breast self-examination. Methodology: The intervention was planned in accordance with the User-Centered Design Model and Jane Vella’s Adult Learning Model. Twenty-five users of various ages participated. Activities included brainstorming sessions, an educational roulette, anatomical models, guided self-examination practice, and infographics. The technique was evaluated using a checklist, and the final impact was assessed through written reflections. Result: Participation reached 100%. A total of 92% of participants correctly performed the breast self-examination, and 88% acquired new knowledge. Improved understanding of warning signs, risk factors, and the elimination of misconceptions was also observed. Discussion: Visual, practical, and spoken educational strategies proved effective in promoting meaningful learning, especially among groups with limited access to comprehensible health information. Conclusion: The intervention met all proposed objectives and highlights the importance of the educational role of nursing in fostering community self-care and early detection of breast cancer.
Oscar a mejor montaje 2021: Ritmo, orden, cortes y narrador
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Garabito, Camila; Pulido, Sofía; Estévez Baeza, Antonella
The Behavioral Foundations of Rule Compliance under Resource Scarcity: An Experimental Approach to Common-Pool Resource Governance
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Gobierno, 2026) Molina Monje, Alejandra Isabel; Rivera Salazar, Diego
Scarcity is a central feature of many common pool resource (CPR) systems, yet little is known about how its different forms influence individuals’ willingness to follow collective rules. This thesis examines the behavioral mechanisms that sustain compliance under resource stress, combining controlled laboratory experiments with a field experiment conducted with members of Water User Associations in central Chile. By conceptualizing scarcity as unmet demand, the thesis distinguishes among exogenous scarcity arising from external constraints, endogenous scarcity resulting from others’ overuse, and collective scarcity based on information about system-wide shortfalls.
The laboratory study identifies distinct mechanisms for each type of scarcity. Exogenous scarcity reduces compliance by narrowing cognitive focus, while endogenous scarcity activates negative reciprocity that increases rule violations. These processes show how scarcity alters perceptions of fairness, expectations about others’ behavior, and the cognitive foundations of cooperation. The field experiment evaluates whether these mechanisms also operate in real water governance contexts. The results mirror the laboratory findings and show that institutional experience moderates some responses. Water User Association members are more sensitive to collective scarcity cues, reflecting the role of lived experience and social learning. A methodology is also proposed to incorporate these behavioral mechanisms into sociohydrological models.
These studies show that scarcity influences behavior in CPR systems in ways that are empirically grounded and highly relevant for environmental governance and socio-hydrology. The findings indicate that compliance depends not only on incentives or enforcement but also on psychological and social responses that evolve over time. Integrating these dynamics into sociohydrological models will improve resilience predictions and support the design of more adaptive water governance institutions under climatic uncertainty.
Influence of Childhood Environment on Risky Decision-Making in Adulthood: A Life History Theory and Adaptive Calibration Model Approach
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Gobierno, 2026) Guzmán Lavín, Eugenio José; Polo Rodrigo, Pablo
This dissertation examines how distinct dimensions of childhood adversity—specifically environmental harshness (resource scarcity) and unpredictability (environmental instability)—relate to risk-taking behavior in adulthood. Grounded in Life History Theory and the Adaptive Calibration Model, the study explores whether early environmental conditions calibrate behavioral responses to uncertainty, and whether these effects depend on contextual, individual, and task-related factors.
Across two empirical studies, the research employs behavioral measures of risk-taking, including the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and a lottery-based decision paradigm. Study 1 investigates the direct and moderated associations between childhood environments and adult risk propensity, considering life-history trade-offs and current environmental conditions. Study 2 extends this framework by incorporating acute stress manipulation and examining attachment orientations as a mediating mechanism, while also testing for nonlinear relationships.
Overall, findings do not support a consistent or domain-general association between childhood adversity and adult risk-taking. Instead, results reveal heterogeneous and context-dependent patterns, with effects varying according to stress conditions, task structure, and individual differences. Evidence of nonlinear relationships further suggests that simple linear models may obscure important variability across levels of adversity.
These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of risk-taking as a flexible and context-sensitive behavior, shaped by the interaction between early-life experiences and current environmental demands. The dissertation highlights the importance of integrating evolutionary frameworks with experimental approaches to better capture the complexity of human decision-making.
Análisis descriptivo de la mortalidad por cáncer de bronquios y pulmón en Chile, una mirada epidemiológica de 20 años (2002-2022)
(2026) Labbé, Adolfo; Barra, Catalina; Morales, Alexander; Silva, Daniela; Ayavire, Oylen; Aguirre, Christopher;
Introducción: El cáncer de bronquios y pulmón es una neoplasia maligna que se origina a partir del epitelio de los bronquios o del parénquima pulmonar. Objetivo: Establecer la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de bronquios y pulmón durante el periodo 2002 a 2022 en Chile. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Se analizaron las defunciones por cáncer de bronquios y pulmón (código C34 CIE-10) registradas en Chile en el periodo 2002-2022, según datos oficiales del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud. Se consideraron las variables: causa de muerte, sexo, edad y región. Las tasas de mortalidad se calcularon utilizando las proyecciones poblacionales del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Resultado: Se registraron 59.720 defunciones por cáncer de bronquios y pulmón, con una tasa de mortalidad promedio de 15,39 por 100.000 habitantes. La mortalidad fue mayor en hombres (19,02) que en mujeres (11,79). La mayor tasa de mortalidad se observó en adultos mayores (mayor o igual a 65 años) con 78,67 por 100.000 habitantes. A nivel regional, Antofagasta presentó la mayor tasa (26,45), mientras que Ñuble y La Araucanía evidenciaron las más bajas. Discusión: La tendencia creciente de la mortalidad refleja la persistencia del tabaquismo, el envejecimiento poblacional y factores ambientales regionales. La baja sobrevida a cinco años y el diagnóstico tardío refuerzan la urgencia de implementar programas de detección precoz. Conclusión: Este estudio evidencia una alta carga en la mortalidad por cáncer pulmonar en Chile. Se requieren políticas públicas integradas para mejorar la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.
Introduction: Bronchus and lung cancer is a malignant neoplasm originating from the bronchial epithelium or pulmonary parenchyma. Objective: To establish the mortality rate from bronchus and lung cancer in Chile between 2002 and 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted. Deaths from bronchus and lung cancer (ICD-10 code C34) recorded in Chile from 2002 to 2022 were analyzed, based on official data from the Department of Statistics and Health Information. The variables considered were: cause of death, sex, age, and region. Mortality rate were calculated using population projections from the National Institute of Statistics. Result: A total of 59.720 deaths from lung cancer were recorded, with an average mortality rate of 15,39 per 100.000 inhabitants. Mortality was higher in men (19,02) than in women (11,79). The highest mortality rate was observed in older adults (65 years of age or older), reaching 78,67 per 100.000. Regionally, Antofagasta had the highest mortality rate (26,45), while Ñuble and La Araucanía had the lowest. Discussion: The increasing mortality trend reflects the persistence of tobacco use, population aging, and regional environmental exposures. The low five-year survival rate and delayed diagnosis emphasize the urgent need to implement early detection programs. Conclusion: This study highlights a high and rising burden of lung cancer mortality in Chile. Integrated public health policies are needed to improve prevention, early diagnosis, and timely access to treatment.
La viabilidad de una producción de largometraje de ficción desde la improvisación en el cine chileno: Acercamiento a las estrategias de producción que se distancian de lo habitual con los casos de estudio; Rey, El Club y La Casa Lobo
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Ramírez Alvarez, José Luis; Thiele, Isadora; Jordán Matesic, Alvaro
Esta tesina busca profundizar en las herramientas y metodologías de diferentes producciones que funcionaron desde la improvisación y que lograron cierto reconocimiento en importantes festivales. Específicamente, se pretende indagar en sus sistemas de producción, usando entrevistas con los realizadores de los proyectos como fuentes principales. De estas se quiere desprender las enseñanzas adquiridas de la experiencia vividas según cada película y buscando encontrar las herramienta logísticas, económicas y creativas que hayan sido funcionales en cada proyecto. Esta investigación analiza tres películas con diferentes
aproximaciones que pudieron lograr cierto prestigio artístico como lo puede ser el reconocimiento en festivales internacionales de clase A y B: Rey (Atallah, 2017), El Club (Larraín, 2015) y La Casa Lobo (León y Cociña, 2018). Estas tres películas son consideradas en esta tesina como casos de éxito a través de los cuales se busca estudiar la factibilidad y el potencial de realizar producciones cinematográficas con búsquedas y necesidades diferentes de aquello que comprenderemos en este estudio como la producción habitual. La estrategia de producción que buscamos analizar es una en la cual se desdibujan las líneas entre las etapas preestablecidas (desarrollo, preproducción, producción/rodaje y post producción), a diferencia de las producciones habituales que siguen enfáticamente estas fases.
Las buenas prácticas en la sala de edición: El trabajo del montajista y el director en la industria audiovisual chilena
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Farfán Bustamante, Cristopher; Jordán Matesic, Alvaro
Género en el género: Participación de mujeres en el área técnica en el cine chileno entre 2015 y 2018.
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Quiroz Bruce, Antonia; Contreras Bustamante, Paula(Lola); Schüler Besa, Francisco
La presente investigación se plantea identificar las áreas de participación de mujeres en departamentos técnicos del cine chileno en los largometrajes con mayor cantidad de espectadores de los géneros más vistos: drama, documental y comedia, desde el año 2015 al 2018. Hay una brecha de investigación que no documenta la relación entre un equipo técnico con líderes mujeres o participación mayoritaria de mujeres y el impacto en las audiencias que consumen cine chileno.
Buscamos inducir un diagnóstico general descriptivo a partir de las cifras investigadas y relacionarlo con el contexto nacional de la muestra a investigar. Tendremos un enfoque cuantitativo y realizaremos una demarcada investigación descriptiva. La muestra a investigar serán todos los participantes del equipo técnico de los largometrajes con más espectadores en los géneros más vistos desde el año 2015 al 2018.
Dynamic knee valgus as a predictor of graft rerupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Influence of sex and graft type
(2026) Gonzalez, Waldo; Riquelme, Juan; Barba, Diego; Erskine, Daniela; Venegas, Rodrigo; Calvo, Rafael; Figueroa, David
Introduction: Dynamic knee valgus has been identified as a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but its role in predicting graft failure or contralateral rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dynamic valgus (DV) as a predictor of graft re-rupture and contralateral ACL injury following ACLR, and to explore whether graft type influences this association.
Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted patients who underwent primary ACLR between 2020 and 2024. Patients with multiligament injuries, osteotomies, or revision surgeries were excluded. DV was measured during a standardized return-to-sport (RTS) drop jump test. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations with graft rerupture and contralateral ACL injury, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and graft type. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluated discriminative ability.
Results: A total of 137 patients completed follow-up at a mean of 3.0 ± 1.2 years. Most patients were male (75.9%), with a mean age of 26.7 years. Ten patients (7.3%) sustained a graft re-rupture and nine (6.6%) a contralateral rupture. The DV was an independent predictor of graft rerupture (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.15). In sex-stratified analyses, this association was statistically significant only among men (aOR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02-1.24), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76. A threshold between 18° and 20° yielded a balanced sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 73%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in DV were observed across graft types.
Conclusion: DV is an independent predictor of graft rerupture after ACLR, particularly among men, where valgus angles above 18-20° markedly increase the risk of failure. These findings support the integration of DV assessment into postoperative follow-up to identify high-risk patients and to inform graft selection and rehabilitation strategies.
Level of evidence: III
Perfil antropométrico y consumo de suplementos deportivos en atletas de kickboxing en Concepción
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 2025) Chamorro, Pablo; Cordero, Francisco; Díaz, Joaquín; Hormazábal, Edison; Carías, Diamela
Impact of body mass index on robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty outcomes: A retrospective cohort analysis
(2025) Gonzalez, Waldo; Calvo, Rafael; Figueroa, David; Isla, Jorge; Landea, Daniela; Tapia, Camila
Introduction: Obesity is a growing global health concern and a known risk factor in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). With an increasing number of obese patients requiring TKA, it is essential to understand how obesity influences clinical outcomes and complication rates. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes and complications in patients undergoing robotic-assisted TKA (RA-TKA).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 216 patients aged ≥18 years who underwent RA-TKA between 2019 and 2023, with a minimum postoperative follow-up of one year. Patients were stratified into three body mass index (BMI) categories: <25, 25-29, and ≥30 kg/m2. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables-including tourniquet use and time, implant type, hospital stay, and complications-were compared. Statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05).
Results: Two hundred sixteen patients (91.5% follow-up rate) were evaluated at a mean of 34 months, postoperatively. No statistically significantly difference was found among the BMI groups in terms of age, sex, use of tourniquet, hospital stay, or use of stem implants. A statistically significant difference was observed only in the group of BMI <25 kg/m2 regarding arthrofibrosis. When patients were grouped as a BMI <35 vs a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, a higher complication rate was noted in the ≥35 kg/m2 group (18.2% versus 7.2%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09).
Conclusions: This study found that the difference was not statistically significant in the overall rate of postoperative complications among patients with obesity undergoing RA-TKA. However, a nonsignificant trend toward a higher complication rate was observed in patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Interestingly, a statistically significant increase in arthrofibrosis was found in patients with BMI <25 kg/m2, a finding that contrasts with the current literature.
Level of evidence: Level III.
Reproducción de roles y estereotipos femeninos y maternales en el cine de terror de los últimos 20 años
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Burnett Soto, Javi; Merino Olave, Carolina Andrea; Jordan Matesic, Alvaro
El recorrido de las productoras de animación chilenas. Desde un cortometraje hasta un largometraje estrenado comercialmente: el caso de PunkRobot y Lunes.
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Vilches Pardo, Valentina; Morales Cortés, Marcelo
El montaje de Carlos Piaggio: Análisis de Ya No Basta con Rezar y Palomita Blanca
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Oyarzún Fernández, Antonio Javier; Morales Cortés, Marcelo
Experimental en fílmico: El caso de CEIS8. Análisis Reflexivo en torno a los usos del Cine Experimental
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Bahamondes González, Sebastián Cristóbal; Morales Cortés, Marcelo
Normalización de la violencia de género cotidiana en el cine chileno de los años 2000 a 2020
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Quintana Saldívar, Daniel Alejandro; Estévez Baeza, Antonella