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Las modificaciones introducidas por la Ley 20.720 a la regla del artículo 1496 número 1 del Código Civil y su operatoria en los procedimientos concursales
(2023) Goic, Pedro
Este artículo aborda las significativas modificaciones que la Ley 20.720 ha introducido a la regla de vencimiento anticipado del plazo en el artículo 1496 del Código Civil. Nuestro propósito es desentrañar la estructura delineada por el legislador, tanto en el ámbito civil como en el concursal, explorando cómo esta regla opera en diversos procedimientos concursales. Además, examinamos la reciente modificación de la Ley 21.563, que moderniza los procedimientos concursales según la Ley de Reorganización y Liquidación de Empresas y Personas. Este estudio se guía por un enfoque jurídico normativo, dogmático y jurisprudencial para fundar las posiciones relativas a la necesidad de la insolvencia como presupuesto de los procedimientos concursales y estos, a su vez, como requisitos para el vencimiento anticipado. Al comparar los casos, buscamos respaldar la idea previa mediante la confirmación de nuestra hipótesis de trabajo: la facultad de exigibilidad inmediata se determina por la afectación a un concurso, considerado hoy equivalente a una situación de notoria insolvencia.
Pannexin-1 expression in tumor cells correlates with colon cancer progression and survival
(2024) Fierro, Aaron; Landskron, Glauben; Camhi, Ilan; Basterrechea, Benjamín; Parada, Daniela; Lobos, Lorena; Dubois, Karen; Araneda, Catalina; Romero, Camila; Domínguez, Antonia; Vásquez, Gonzalo; López, Francisco; Alvarez, Karin; González, Carlos; Hager, Carolina; Balboa, Elisa; Eugenin, Eliseo; Hermoso, Marcela; De la Fuente, Marjorie
Aims: Pannexin-1 (PANX1) is a hemichannel that releases ATP upon opening, initiating inflammation, cell proliferation, and migration. However, the role of PANX1 channels in colon cancer remains poorly understood, thus constituting the focus of this study.
Main methods: PANX1 mRNA expression was analyzed using multiple cancer databases. PANX1 protein expression and distribution were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on primary tumor tissue and non-tumor colonic mucosa from colon cancer patients. PANX1 inhibitors (probenecid or 10Panx) were used to assess colon cancer cell lines viability. To study the role of PANX1 in vivo, a subcutaneous xenograft model using HCT116 cells was performed in BALB/c NOD/SCID immunodeficient mice to evaluate tumor growth under PANX1 inhibition using probenecid.
Key findings: PANX1 mRNA was upregulated in colon cancer tissue compared to non-tumor colonic mucosa. Elevated PANX1 mRNA expression in tumors correlated with worse disease-free survival. PANX1 protein abundance was increased on tumor cells compared to epithelial cells in paired samples, in a cancer stage-dependent manner. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that blocking PANX1 reduced cell viability and tumor growth.
Significance: PANX1 can be used as a biomarker of colon cancer progression and blocking PANX1 channel opening could be used as a potential therapeutic strategy against this disease.
Levels of dialogicity and narrativity in teacher discourse and its relationship with student learning among high school students in a language class
(2024) Villarroel-Henríquez, Verónica; Bruna, Daniela
This study sought to ascertain the relationship between the varying levels of dialogicity and narrativity found in the discourse of different teachers when teaching, as well as their students’ learning of the same curricular content. A multilevel, correlational quantitative design was used, with the data collection technique of classroom teacher observation, to determine the teachers’ levels of dialogicity and narrativity. Questionnaires were also administered to students to assess their learning and the quality of their recall of the content taught in the classes. The participants were 13 teachers with proven pedagogical excellence in language and communication who taught classes in 13 Chilean schools, as well as their 350 students in their last year of high school education. Using a linear hierarchical model, we concluded that there is a positive, significant relationship between the narrativity of the teacher discourse and student learning. We also found that males learned better with more narrative teachers, while females learned better with more dialogic teachers.
Unveiling the Shadow: Theorizing the Impact of Narcissistic Leadership on Sales Teams
(2024) Bullemore, Jorge
This study investigates the dual nature of narcissistic leadership within sales teams, revealing its potential to both inspire ambitious goals and undermine
team cohesion and performance. By integrating a comprehensive literature review, the research outlines the characteristic behaviors of narcissistic leaders, such as arrogance and a lack of empathy, and their impact on team dynamics, including reduced cohesion, increased conflict, and impaired team performance. The paper proposes strategies to mitigate these negative effects, such as leadership development programs, team-based performance evaluations, and fostering a culture of empathy. It highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the complexities of narcissistic leadership to cultivate healthier, more productive team environments. The findings call for further research into the long-term effects of narcissistic leadership and the development of effective management strategies
Effect of corruption and crime on growth‑oriented informal firms
(2023) Heredia, Walter; Lecuna, Antonio; Heredia, Jorge; Geldes, Cristian; Flores, Alejandro
Traditionally, informal firms have been perceived to be unproductive, lacking skills, and static by necessity, while low institutional quality has been shown to increase their prevalence. However, this research draws on institutional theory to explain the effect of corruption and crime on growth-oriented informal firms that emerge due to opportunities and make decisions voluntarily rather than out of necessity. We construct a logistic regression model using a unique representative dataset of informal firms from the 2019 Zambia Informal Sector Business Survey (ISBS). We find that growth-oriented informal firms pay bribes to remain unregistered (i.e., engage in corruption) and that crime decreases the number of these firms. Our research suggests that policymakers consider the particularities of growth-oriented informal firms when designing policies for entrepreneurs. Growth-oriented informal firms are more likely to consider formalization if they perceive the benefits of formality, and policymakers should be aware that crime could push these firms to subsistence or surveillance, thereby increasing inequality among all firms. Furthermore, researchers should explore the development process of these growth-oriented informal firms, managers in legal firms should consider collaborating with these firms, and the government should support such collaboration.
La acción de inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad como mecanismo idóneo y efectivo en el contexto del problema de constitucionalidad del artículo 2331 del Código Civil
(2024) Salem Gesell, Catalina
Se postula que la acción de inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad, es un medio idóneo y efectivo para habilitar la legitimación activa a fin de demandar la indemnización por un daño extrapatrimonial ocasionado por imputaciones injuriosas en contra del crédito o el honor de una persona. La discusión cobra relevancia debido a las distintas interpretaciones que ha recibido el artículo 2331 del Código Civil, y que han afectado el reconocimiento de la titularidad de la acción de reparación integral del daño en la materia específica que trata dicho artículo. Esta investigación demuestra que se está ante una antinomia cuya resolución corresponde al Tribunal Constitucional en el ejercicio de su atribución de inaplicación de la ley. Y que, de un análisis de la jurisprudencia ordinaria y la jurisprudencia de inaplicabilidad, es posible concluir que la acción de inaplicabilidad es el mecanismo más efectivo para el reconocimiento del acceso a la justicia y la obtención de una reparación integral ante un daño en contra de un derecho personalísimo.
Borders and liminality in the right to health of migrants in transit: The case of Colchane in Chile and Necoclí in Colombia
(2024) Jaramillo Contreras, Andrea Carolina; Cabieses, Báltica; Knipper, Michael; Rocha Jiménez, Teresita
The absence of the right to health of migrants in transit has evolved into a significant global health concern, particularly in the border regions thus, this study aims to improve knowledge in this area by exploring the effects of the spatio-temporal liminal characteristics at borders in the achievement of the right to health of migrants in transit moving across two of the most transited and dangerous borders in Latin America: Colchane (Chile-Bolivia) and the Dari´en Gap (Colombia-Panamá). Through a qualitative descriptive multi-case study, we implemented 50 semi-structured interviews (n = 30 in Chile and n = 20 in the Dari´en/Necoclí) involving national, regional, and local stakeholders. The findings highlight that the fulfilment of the right to health of migrants in transit is hindered by liminal dynamics at the borders. These dynamics include closure of borders, (in)securities, uncer tainty and waiting, lack of economic resources, lack of protection to all, liminal politics, and humanitarian in terventions. These findings surface how the borders’ liminality exacerbates the segregation of migrants in transit
by placing them in a temporospatial limbo that undermines their right to health. Our study concludes that not just the politics but also the everyday practices, relationships and social infrastructure at borders impedes the enjoyment of the right to health of distressed migrants in transit. The short-term humanitarian response; illicit dynamics at borders; migratory regulations; and border and cross-border political structures are some of the most significant determinants of health at these borderlands.
Fortaleciendo habilidades comunicacionales y desempeño técnico en estudiantes de las asignaturas Alimentación en el ciclo vital I y II y Evaluación del estado nutricional I y II, de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Centro de Innovación Docente, 2023) Norambuena Caullán, Agustina; Vespa, María Catalina; Burlando Medina, María Sofía
Recursos audiovisuales para apoyar el proceso de aprendizaje de carácter práctico y aplicado de las asignaturas Alimentación en el Ciclo Vital I y II y Evaluación del Estado Nutricional I y II
Material Conditions and Their Relationship with Affective Components of Subjective Well-being in Children
(2024) Ditzel, Ana Loreto; Chuecas, María Josefina; Benavente, María Victoria; Alfaro Inzunza, Jaime; Villarroel Gutiérrez, Alejandra
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between material conditions, and affective components of subjective well-being in a representative sample, using data from the International Survey of Children’s Well-being (ISCWeB), of 1994 Chilean children in the 5th and 7th grades, with a mean age of 10.50 years (SD = 0.66) and 12.51 years (SD = 0.69), respectively. Descriptive statistical analyses were carried out, in addition to a regression analysis, considering age and gender variables. The main results showed that the majority of children report having material resources in the material conditions associated with basic needs and feeling happier to a greater extent. Regression analysis showed that children’s material conditions had a significant effect on positive and negative affect in both age groups.
Children who reported greater access to material conditions had a higher mean positive affect. This effect was greater in the older group of children. In relation to gender, no significant differences were observed between girls and boys in the 10-yearold group, while in the 12-year-old group there were significant differences, both in positive and negative affect, with women reporting lower affective well-being. The results are discussed, which highlight the importance of considering the affective components of children’s subjective well-being when analyzing the material conditions in which they live and the differential effects according to age and gender.
Editorial: SLC6A1: the past, present and future
(2023) Johannesen, Katrine M.; Pérez Palma, Eduardo; Rubboli, Guido
Self-images of school dropout in Barcelona: analysis from system justification theory
(2024) Cavieres-Higuera, Héctor; García-Gracia, Maribel; Merino-Pareja, Rafael; Ihnen-Gómez, María Jesús
Sociocognitive theories assume that group membership has a direct impact on social identity.
Vulnerable groups can develop different strategies to lessen the psychological discomfort caused by disadvantageous social membership. Some of these mechanisms operate by validating the social order.
This article shows how implicit self-stereotypes operate in a group of students who have dropped out of school. The approach is qualitative based on these young people’s discourses on their educational trajectories, their school experiences and their reasons for dropping out. The analysis allows self stereotypical elements with repercussions at the level of social justification to be identified and is complemented by a brief sociodemographic description to characterize the group in terms of their social disadvantage.
High-interest books, choice, and independent reading: Piloting a reading program with male adolescents in Chile
(2024) Cubillos, Montserrat; Rousseau, Rosario
Reading is linked to numerous positive outcomes, including academic achievement, reduced stress, and enhanced life expectancy. However, a significant portion of Chilean adolescents engage in limited reading. Notably, male students tend to exhibit lower levels of reading motivation compared to their female counterparts, with declining reading self-concept over time. To address this challenge, this study explores the impact of a 9-month-long pilot reading program aimed at increasing students' reading motivation and volume in an all-boys rural school in southern Chile (N = 120), guided by Self-Determination Theory and adapted from Atwell's reading workshop. The program included four pillars: access to high-interest print books, 90 min per week of in-class independent choice, and peer interactions around reading. t-Tests showed a significant increase in students' reading volume but not in their reading motivation. Nevertheless, multiple regression analyses revealed that, when controlling for students' pre-program reading motivation, achievement, and volume, post-program reading motivation and time allocated for independent reading were significantly associated with the number of pages read during the program. Implications for practice and future research avenues are discussed.
When given two choices, take both! Social impact assessment in social entrepreneurship
(2024) Muñoz, Pablo; Gamble, Edward N.
This paper examines how social entrepreneurs construct impact arguments as they begin to assess social impact. We examined the experiences of 68 social entrepreneurs in Chile and discovered that the construction of arguments for the purpose of thinking about and experiencing impact is different than the arguments constructed to establish dialogues around it. We explain this dual argument construction as arguments for worth and arguments for legitimacy. We expand scholarship on argumentation by clarifying social entrepreneurs’ efforts to pursue adherence facing competing demands and reinforcing their
willingness and ability to engage with social impact assessment. We advance the understanding of social impact assessment in social entrepreneurship across three areas: tensions, accountability and performance and extend Nicholls’ general theory by explaining what precedes the discursive space where the assessment of social impact reconciles facticity and validity to establish materiality.
Controlled Release of the Anticancer Drug Cyclophosphamide from a Superparamagnetic β‑Cyclodextrin Nanosponge by Local Hyperthermia Generated by an Alternating Magnetic Field
(2024) SALAZAR SANDOVAL, SEBASTIAN ANDRES; Díaz-Saldívar, Patricia; Araya, Ingrid; Celis, Freddy; Cortés-Arriagada, Diego; Riveros, Ana; Rojas-Romo, Carlos; Jullian, Carolina; Silva, Nataly; Yutronic, Nicolás; Kogan, Marcelo J.; Jara, Paul
β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanosponge (NS) was synthesized using diphenyl carbonate (DPC) as a cross-linker to encapsulate the antitumor drug cyclophosphamide
(CYC), thus obtaining the NSs-CYC system. The formulation was then associated with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to develop the MNPs-NSs-CYC ternary system. The formulations mentioned above were characterized to confirm the deposition of the MNPs onto the organic matrix and that the superparamagnetic nature of the MNPs was preserved upon association. The association of the MNPs with the NSs-drug complex was confirmed through field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, and vibrating-sample magnetometer. The superparamagnetic
properties of the ternary system allowed the release of CYC by utilizing magnetic hyperthermia upon the exposure of an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The drug release experiments were carried out at different frequencies and intensities of the magnetic field, complying with the “Atkinson−Brezovich criterion”. The assays in AMF showed the feasibility of release by controlling hyperthermia of the drug, finding that the most efficient conditions were F = 280 kHz, H = 15 mT, and a concentration of MNPs of 5 mg/mL. CYC release was temperature-dependent, facilitated by local heat generation through magnetic hyperthermia. This phenomenon was confirmed by DFT calculations. Furthermore, the ternary systems outperformed the formulations without MNPs regarding the amount of released drug. The MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assays demonstrated that including CYC within the magnetic NS cavities reduced the effects on mitochondrial activity compared to those observed with the free drug. Finally, the magnetic hyperthermia assays showed that the tertiary system allows the generation of apoptosis in HeLa cells, demonstrating that the MNPs embedded maintain their properties to generate hyperthermia. These results suggest that using NSs associated with MNPs could be a potential tool for a controlled drug delivery in tumor therapy since the materials are efficient and potentially nontoxic.
Covitality and life satisfaction: a multilevel analysis of bullying experiences and their relation with School attachment
(2023) Varela, Jorge; De Tezanos-Pinto, Pablo; Guzmán, Paulina; Cuevas-Pavincich, Francisca; Benavente, Mariavictoria; Furlong, Michael; Alfaro Inzunza, Jaime
Adolescent mental health research highlights the importance of individual strengths and well-being, which have been organized by different conceptual models. The covitality model is one example that proposes a meta-construct integrating different domains. Even though some prior research examines the relationship between covitality and bullying, there is a research gap regarding the specific mechanisms involved. In this study, we examined how school bullying may be asso ciated with covitality and life satisfaction and how this relationship may be mediated by school attachment. We used a
multilevel analysis with 1,697 students (51% female, age: M=12.25, SD=2.11) from 62 classrooms in Chile. Our results show that at the individual level, victims of bullying report lower levels of well-being and covitality, which is explained by lower levels of school attachment. Bullying was also associated with higher levels of life satisfaction and covitality at the classroom level, and the relationship with covitality may also be partly explained by school attachment. These results underscore the importance of bullying prevention at the individual and the classroom level and the relevance of contextual
variables in understanding its effects.
Advances in the Sustainable Development of Biobased Materials Using Plant and Animal Waste as Raw Materials: A Review
(2024) SALAZAR SANDOVAL, SEBASTIAN ANDRES; Amenábar, Alejandra; Toledo, Ignacio; Silva, Nataly; Contreras, Paulina
There is substantial concern about critical environmental problems related to waste in production sectors such as textile, construction, and packaging. The materials ascribed to the sector’s unsustainability are primarily fabrics, plastic, and hazardous solvents, making developing new biobased materials imperative. As such, various strategies have been investigated to convert and recycle waste and give them commercial value via the manufacture of biobased materials. This review discusses the various types of raw materials as sources to develop new biobased materials that could promote the transition toward sustainability. According to the literature, the functional qualities of biobased materials are comparable to those of synthetic materials. Raw material sources such as biomass, derived from plant and animal-based waste, are attractive due to their low cost, abundance, and biodegradability. The manufacture of biomaterials, as well as their characterization and performance, are also discussed. Further, this review will offer a comprehensive view of the potential applicability and current commercial applications of the developed biobased materials in relevant areas such as packaging, construction, textile, and wastewater remediation. This could be a potential field of research to address the environmental challenges posed by the continuous growth of the global population.