Valenzuela, RodrigoVega, FabianElizalde, NathalyFlores, IvanRojas, FelipeGoecke, AnneliseCuitino , LoretoUrzúa, Cristhian Alejandro2026-09-212026-09-212025Valenzuela, R. A., Vega-Tapia, F., Elizalde, N., Flores, I., Rojas, F. M., Goecke, A., Cuitino, L., & Urzua, C. A. (2025). IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10 as predictive biomarkers for treatment response in non-infectious uveitis. Frontiers in immunology, 16, 1584905. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1584905https://hdl.handle.net/11447/11157Uveitis, a group of heterogeneous diseases causing ocular inflammation, is a major contributor to vision loss globally. While systemic corticosteroids (CS) are the mainstay treatment, identifying CS-refractory patients remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to explore cytokine expression and Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) levels as biomarkers for the early detection of CS-refractory cases in non-infectious uveitis. We assayed blood samples from 19 patients with non-infectious uveitis, for the expression of IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-10 and GRα. The cohort included 11 refractory and 8 sensitive patients, categorized based on their clinical response to corticosteroids (prednisone 1 mg/kg/day). Blood draws were conducted at three time points (at baseline, day 7- and day 14 after CS initiation), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated to measure cytokine and GRα transcript levels via real-time PCR. The expression levels of GRα and cytokines IL-6, IL-17A and TNF-α did not show significant changes between CS-sensitive and CS-refractory patients on the different days of treatment. However, IL-10 expression levels as the day14-to-day7 ratio were significantly higher in patients sensitive to CS therapy. A higher day14-to-day7 ratio was also found for the IL-6/IL-10, IL-17A/IL-10 and GRα/IL-10 ratios. ROC curve analysis demonstrated a robust predictive performance of IL-10 mRNA expression and the IL-6/IL-10 ratio for identifying CS-refractory patients. In conclusion, the expression of IL-10 and the IL-6/IL-10 ratio hold promise as early predictive biomarkers for CS treatment refractoriness in patients with non-infectious uveitis. These findings offer valuable insights into personalized treatment strategies, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.enBiomarkersCorticosteroidsInterleukin-10Non-infectious uveitisRefractorinessTreatment responseArticlehttps://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1584905