Pihl, ErikAlfredsson, EvaBengtsson, MagnusBowen, Kathryn J.Cástan Broto, VanesaChou, Kuei TienCleugh, HelenEbi, KristieEdwards, Clea M.Fisher, EleanorFriedlingstein, PierreGodoy Faúndez, AlexGupta, MukeshHarrington, Alexandra R.Hayes, KatieHayward, Bronwyn M.Hebden, Sophie R.Hickmann, ThomasHugelius, GustafIlyina, TatianaJackson, Robert B.Keenan, Trevor F.Lambino, Ria A.Leuzinger, SebastianMalmaeus, MikaelMcDonald, Robert I.McMichael, CeliaMiller, Clark A.Muratori, MatteoNagabhatla, NidhiNagendra, HariniPassarello, CristianPenuelas, JosepPongratz, JuliaRockström, JohanRomero-Lankao, PatriciaRoy, JoyashreeScaife, Adam A.Schlosser, PeterSchuur, EdwardScobie, MichelleSherwood, Steven C.Sioen, Giles B.Skovgaard, JakobSobenes Obregon, Edgardo A.Sonntag, SebastianSpangenberg, Joachim H.Spijkers, OttoSrivastava, LeenaStammer, Detlef B.Torres, Pedro H. C.Turetsky, Merritt R.Ukkola, Anna M.van Vuuren, Detlef P.Voigt, ChristinaWannous, ChadiaZelinka, Mark D.2021-10-262021-10-262021Global Sustainability 4, e5, 1–18https:// doi.org/10.1017/sus.2021.2http://hdl.handle.net/11447/4931A synthesis is made of ten fields within climate science where there have been significant advances since mid-2019, through an expert elicitation process with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) a better understanding of equilibrium climate sensitivity; (2) abrupt thaw as an accelerator of carbon release from permafrost; (3) changes to global and regional land carbon sinks; (4) impacts of climate change on water crises, including equity perspectives; (5) adverse effects on mental health from climate change; (6) immediate effects on climate of the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for recovery packages to deliver on the Paris Agreement; (7) suggested long-term changes to governance and a social contract to address climate change, learning from the current pandemic, (8) updated positive cost–benefit ratio and new perspectives on the potential for green growth in the short- and long-term perspective; (9) urban electrification as a strategy to move towards low-carbon energy systems and (10) rights-based litigation as an increasingly important method to address climate change, with recent clarifications on the legal standing and representation of future generations.enClimate anxietyClimate feedbacksClimate governanceClimate impactsClimate litigationClimate mitigationClimate modelsClimate policyEnvironmental economicsFuture earthRisk governanceThermokarstUrban transformationsWater stressArticle