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Autism shapes social integration and reciprocity in elementary classrooms
(2025) Soto-Icaza, Patricia; Oyarzún, Melanie; Yaikin, Tamara; Arcos-Polanco, Mirla; Candia Vallejos, Cristian; Rodríguez-Sickert, Carlos; Billeke, Pablo
During childhood, schools are crucial environments for social interactions, making them ideal for evaluating the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN). In particular, autistic children often face challenges in peer relationships, yet the impact of autism on social dynamics in schools is not well understood. To address this issue, we examined social dynamics within elementary schools. We hypothesized that, compared to their non-autistic peers, autistic children occupy more peripheral positions in social networks and engage less in reciprocal relationships. To test these hypotheses, we introduced a novel ecological approach using experimental game theory to quantify social integration and reciprocity among autistic children. Social networks were constructed for each classroom based on the children’s peer selections during a distributive game where they had to send tokens to their peers. Six elementary schools took part in this study. From these schools, 26 classrooms from first to fourth grade were included, comprising a total of 625 students aged 6 to 11. Among them, 464 were students without SEN, 143 were students with SEN excluding autism, and 18 were autistic students. Our analysis showed that autistic children and children with SEN were significantly less central and less involved in reciprocal peer relationships compared to children without SEN. Due to the small sample of autistic students, further research with greater statistical power is needed to clarify the specificity of the results. These findings highlight the need for support in promoting social inclusion while also emphasizing the importance of exploring the intersection of neurodevelopmental conditions and social dynamics.
Trastorno obsesivo compulsivo: una revisión bibliográfica de lo principal que se debe saber y su relación con otras enfermedades
(2026) Barros, Augusto
Introducción: El trastorno obsesivo compulsivo es un trastorno que se caracteriza por la presencia de obsesiones y compulsiones que pueden ser leves a muy graves, según el compromiso funcional del individuo. Esta entidad tiene múltiples comorbilidades, lo que resalta la importancia de un buen diagnóstico y una visión integral del paciente. Objetivo: Revisar el diagnóstico, la fisiopatología y las actuales opciones terapéuticas que existen para el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, en conjunto con las comorbilidades y una visión integral del paciente. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada, principalmente en Pubmed, donde se utilizó el término Mesh “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder” asociado a epidemiología, etiología, fisiopatología, rehabilitación y terapia, sumado a literatura gris y bibliografía de otras plataformas. Desarrollo: Se detalla el concepto de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, su diagnóstico en DSM-5, dimensiones afectadas y evaluación de severidad de los síntomas con Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. También se describe el uso de inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina en altas dosis y de la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual como mejor alternativa terapéutica, junto con una revisión de otras opciones disponibles. Se describe las comorbilidades del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo y la necesidad de abordar a los pacientes desde un enfoque más amplio. Conclusión: El trastorno obsesivo compulsivo es un trastorno psiquiátrico con gran relevancia en la población chilena. Además, la evidencia sostiene una respuesta favorable a las estrategias terapéuticas combinadas. Dada sualta comorbilidad con otros trastornos, es de vital importancia evaluar al paciente integralmente.
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions that range from mild to very severe depending on the patient's functional impairment. This condition has multiple comorbidities, which underscores the importance of a proper diagnosis and a comprehensive view of the patient. Objective: To review the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and current therapeutic options for obsessive-compulsive disorder, along with comorbidities and a comprehensive view of the patient. Methodology: A systematic search was carried out mainly in Pubmed where the term Mesh "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" was used associated with epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, rehabilitation and therapy, added to gray literature and bibliography from other platforms. Development: The article details the concept of obsessive-compulsive disorder, its diagnosis in the DSM-5, the dimensions affected, and the assessment of symptom severity using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. It also describes the use of high-dose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioural therapy as the preferred treatment options, alongside a review of other available options. The comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder is described, along with the need to treat patients using a broader approach. Conclusion: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychiatric disorder with significant prevalence in the Chilean population. Also, the evidence suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder responses favourably to combined treatment strategies. Given its high comorbidity with other disorders, a comprehensive assessment of the patient is vitally important.
Desafíos y oportunidades para fortalecer el acceso a atención primaria de adolescentes migrantes en Chile: Policy brief
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana. ICIM. CeSGI. ANID, 2026) Carreño, Alejandra; Watkins, Loreto
Acceso y Pertinencia cultural en la atención de salud de niñas, niños y adolescentes en contexto de migración en atención primaria: Policy brief N°2
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, ICIM. CeSGI. ANID, 2026) Carreño, Alejandra; Ortega, Andrea
Social representations of interdisciplinary work from the perspectives of students and clinical tutors on a cardiovascular rehabilitation program in Chile
(2025) Ahumada, Raúl; Aravena-Winkler, Marcela; Sacomori, Cinara
Background: Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is scientifically recommended for its effectiveness and depends on interprofessional collaboration. However, the lack of clarity regarding how professionals collaborate limits clinical and educational actions and affects social representations.
Objective: To understand and compare the social representations of students and clinical tutors regarding their interdisciplinary work in the CR program at Hospital Padre Hurtado.
Method: The study drew on Moscovici’s theory of social representations and employed a grounded theory methodology. The sample consisted of six clinical tutors and twelve students who participated in two focus groups and four in-depth individual interviews. Data were analyzed using Atlas.ti V3.0.
Results: The study’s central category was Interdisciplinarity which serves as a theoretical construct giving rise to the practical action of interdisciplinary work. This central category articulates three key social practices: solving health issues, interdisciplinary communication, and teamwork. The latter emerged as the anchoring mechanism that solidified their social representation. Both students and clinical tutors shared a positive view of interdis ciplinary work, but their symbolic anchors for "teamwork" differed: tutors emphasized technical and ethical professional aspects, while students viewed the concept from an emotional and formative standpoint. Commu nication was identified as a transversal axis of the interdisciplinary practice, with tutors emphasizing technical
and organizational dimensions, and students highlighting emotional and relational elements.
Conclusions: The social representation of interdisciplinarity varies according to educational trajectories. This diversity presents an opportunity to intertwine the technical expertise of tutors with the emotionally situated experiences of students.
El viaje a los 1970 a través del vestuario en las películas de Wood
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Barros Ch., Santiago; Vidaurre, Miguel Angel
La aplicación de las técnicas experimentales en el cine tradicional
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Walker Figueroa, Vicente; Vidaurre, Miguel Angel
El Cine como herramienta cultural e histórica: El presagio del estallido social visto en perspectiva de la evolución del cine chileno.
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Hernández de Sanctis, Daniel Alejandro; Vidaurre, Miguel Angel
Novel strategies to assess the clinical outcome of patients affected by long COVID or stroke, considering its impact on quality of life
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, 2026) Delfino Garay, Carlos Osvaldo; Muñoz Venturelli, Paula
Introduction
Brain disorders such as stroke and post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) can compromise Brain health through different pathways, yet both produce long-term sequelae that are often incompletely captured by traditional clinician-rated endpoints. The aim of this thesis is to apply novel assessment strategies for people with highly prevalent neurological conditions, incorporating the impact on their daily lives, and compare these results to conventional clinical outcomes using clinical trials databases.
Methods
This thesis combined a conceptual and an applied programme of work to evaluate PCO assessment across established and emerging conditions affecting brain health.
First, in the Chilean prospective stroke cohort, HRQoL was measured using the EQ 5D-3L and integrated with functional status (mRS) to derive UW-mRS. In
INTERACT3, an international intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) trial, UW-mRS was derived from EQ-5D-3L and mRS data and used to assess clinical and
socioeconomic determinants of poorer patient-centred outcomes. In TRIDENT, an international double-blind ICH trial with longitudinal follow-up, repeated EQ-5D-3L, cognitive screening (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA), and disability assessments were analysed using longitudinal modelling to characterise recovery trajectories, evaluate time-dependent differences in UW-mRS, and quantify the association between cognition and HRQoL. Finally, in STRONGER, an international trial in adults with persistent neurological symptoms following COVID-19, a cross sectional baseline analysis quantified EQ-5D-5L utility and examined its associations with symptom burden, mental health, sleep quality, and cognitive performance within a trial-ready framework for long COVID management.
Results
Preference-based PCO consistently revealed health losses not fully captured by conventional endpoints across conditions affecting brain health. In the Chilean
community-based stroke cohort, EQ-5D utilities declined sharply across mRS categories and problems were common across all dimensions, particularly
pain/discomfort (67%); notably, participants with mRS 0–1 still reported HRQoL impairment, indicating residual burden despite “favourable” disability. In
INTERACT3, 6-month patient-perceived burden was substantial and poorer HRQoL was largely explained by acute severity and baseline vulnerability, while variation by context (country and living situation) showed that similar disability did not equate to comparable lived health across settings. In TRIDENT, PCO improved from baseline and were largely maintained, with no clear treatment-by-time differences; cognition remained a consistent correlate of HRQoL, supporting a model where utilities add patient-valued meaning to traditional assessments. In STRONGER, baseline analyses showed marked HRQoL impairment alongside a heterogeneous cognitive profile, suggesting that lived health in PCC is strongly shaped by multidomain symptom impact—especially fatigue, affective symptoms, and sleep disturbance—beyond what standard cognitive tests capture at a single timepoint
Conclusion
This thesis advanced patient-centred assessment of brain health by applying preference-based PCO across stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and post-COVID 19 condition. It shows that disability scales and cognitive tests remain indispensable, yet they do not fully capture what matters to patients—how health is experienced, valued, and lived in daily life. Preference-based utilities provide a common metric to summarise multidimensional burden across diseases and study designs, but require contextual interpretation because valuation choices, setting, assessment timing, and capacity for self-report can influence what is measured. By making otherwise under recognised burden visible and comparable, PCO strengthen outcome interpretation, help identify high-burden subgroups, and support more targeted prevention, follow up, and rehabilitation strategies that address the domains driving lived morbidit.
Estrategias de dirección de niños y buenas prácticas de trabajo Infantil en obras audiovisuales de ficción: Cine, actores niños y buenas prácticas
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) López Gutiérrez, Ricardo Alfonso; Vidaurre, Miguel Angel
Cuidar a quienes cuidarán: El desafío de la salud mental en la formación médica chilena
(2026) Moreno, Ignacio; Lacassie, Martín; Barcoj, Carolina
La salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina es un problema creciente en Chile y el mundo, que impacta tanto su formación como la calidad de atención futura a los pacientes. Altos niveles de estrés afectan la empatía, el aprendizaje y aumentan el riesgo de errores. En Chile, las cifras son preocupantes, con alta prevalencia de síntomas depresivos, ansiosos y riesgo suicida, situación agravada durante la pandemia.
A lo largo de la carrera, la salud mental se deteriora progresivamente debido a la sobrecarga académica, la presión constante y, en etapas clínicas, la exposición a situaciones emocionalmente complejas. Sin embargo, faltan estudios longitudinales que permitan comprender mejor esta evolución.
Entre las principales causas se identifican la exigencia académica, la competencia, la incertidumbre laboral y el escaso apoyo institucional, junto con el estigma que dificulta buscar ayuda.
Se propone fortalecer el apoyo psicosocial, incorporar estrategias de autocuidado en la formación y desarrollar investigaciones más completas. En conclusión, abordar la salud mental estudiantil requiere un enfoque colectivo y cambios estructurales, ya que su impacto trasciende al bienestar de los futuros médicos y de la sociedad.
Integration of RNA Editing into Multiomics Machine Learning Models for Predicting Drug Responses in Breast Cancer Patients
(2026) Bernal, Yanara; Blanco, Alejandro; Oróstica, Karen; Delgado, Iris; Armisen, Ricardo
Background: The integration of multi-omics data, such as genomics and transcriptomics, into artificial intelligence models has advanced precision medicine. However, their clinical applicability remains limited due to model complexity. We integrated DNA mutation, RNA expression, and A>I(G) RNA editing data to develop a predictive model for drug response in breast cancer. Methods: We analyzed 104 patients from the Breast Cancer Genome-Guided Therapy Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02022202). Clinical variables, gene expression, tumor and germline DNA variants, and RNA editing features were integrated into machine learning models to predict therapy response. Generalized linear models (GLM), random forest (RF), and support vector machines (SVM) were trained and evaluated across multiple random 70/30 train-test splits. Feature selection was performed exclusively within the training set using LASSO regularization. Model performance was assessed using the F1-score on independent test sets. The additive effect of RNA editing was evaluated using paired comparisons across identical train/test splits. Results: We characterized the cohort using clinical, mutational, transcriptomic, and RNA editing profiles in 69 non-responders and 35 responders. Across repeated splits, adding RNA editing frequently maintained or modestly improved predictive performance, particularly in expression-based models, with paired analyses showing a statistically significant increase in F1-score. Conclusions: RNA editing represents a complementary molecular layer that can enhance multi-omic models for therapy response prediction in breast cancer, supporting further investigation of epitranscriptomic features in precision oncology.
MEMORIA 2025. Centro de Salud Global Intercultural
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, ICIM, CeSGI. Facultad de Psicología, 2026) Obach, Alexandra; Cabieses, Báltica
Percepción de riesgo de infecciones de transmisión sexual en inmigrantes latinoamericanas
(2026) Verdugo, Anitta; Araya, Jabierapaz; Poblete, Daniela; Lermanda, Cristian
Introducción: La migración influye en la salud pública, aumentando la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones migrantes debido a barreras de acceso y condiciones socioeconómicas. En Chile, las mujeres inmigrantes enfrentan desafíos en la atención médica, afectando su bienestar general. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción del riesgo de infecciones de transmisión sexual en mujeres inmigrantes latinoamericanas en Santiago de Chile. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, cuantitativo y transversal con mujeres inmigrantes latinoamericanas residentes en Santiago de Chile. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario estructurado, validado por expertos. Resultado: Se estudiaron 323 mujeres (edad promedio: 33,7 años). El 61,9% eran solteras, 27,9% casadas, 8,7% divorciadas y 1,5% viudas. Además, el 51,2% tenía pareja estable. Se evidenció una alta percepción del riesgo en relaciones sin protección, pero un acceso moderado a servicios de salud. Las experiencias previas influyeron en la percepción. Discusión: Se muestra una alta conciencia sobre autocuidado en salud sexual, pero revela una brecha entre conocimiento y acción en la prevención. Aunque las participantes identifican conductas de riesgo, persiste una percepción de invulnerabilidad en la toma de decisiones sobre el uso del preservativo. Se evidencian barreras en el acceso a servicios de salud y el estigma como factores que limitan la prevención. Conclusión: El estudio evidencia brechas entre conocimiento y acción en salud sexual. Persisten desigualdades de género y barreras estructurales, agravadas por el estigma. Se requieren intervenciones integrales para mejorar la toma de decisiones y el acceso a la atención.
Introduction: Migration influences public health, increasing the vulnerability of migrant populations due to access barriers and socioeconomic conditions. In Chile, immigrant women face challenges in medical care, affecting their overall well-being. Objective: To analyze the perception of sexually transmitted infections risk among Latin American immigrant women in Santiago, Chile. Methodology: An observational, quantitative, and cross-sectional study was conducted with Latin American immigrant women residing in Santiago, Chile. A non-probabilistic snowball sampling method was used. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire validated by experts. Result: A total of 323 women were studied (average age: 33,7 years). Of them, 61,9% were single, 27,9% married, 8,7% divorced, and 1,5% widowed. Additionally, 51,2% had a stable partner. A high perception of risk in
unprotected relationships was observed, but access to healthcare services was moderate. Previous experiences influenced their perception. Discussion: There is a high awareness of self-care in sexual health, but a gap between knowledge and action in prevention persists. Although participants identify risk behaviors, a perception of invulnerability remains when making decisions about condom use. Barriers to healthcare access and stigma are identified as limiting factors for prevention. Conclusion: The study highlights gaps between knowledge and action in sexual health. Gender inequalities and structural barriers persist, worsened by stigma. Comprehensive interventions are needed to improve decision-making and healthcare access.
Acercamiento a la naturaleza del falso documental: tres casos chilenos.
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Gallo Opazo, Carolina; López Hermida, Alberto
La siguiente investigación plantea exponer el tema y problemática del falso documental y su especial y característico pacto de lectura con su espectador, abordándolo desde la complicidad y engaño que provoca.
La tesina se centrará en explicar cómo se desarrolla el pacto de lectura y sus estrategias audiovisuales en el falso documental, con tres casos específicos de Chile, sin indagar en el estudio de la industria chilena, sino que centrándonos en un análisis más bien narrativo y audiovisual de las obras.
El estudio de los espacios en las películas de acción: Un análisis a las películas de Ernesto Díaz
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Wilner, Martín; Girardi, Antonia
La representación trans en el cine chileno. Análisis de las películas: Una Mujer Fantástica y Naomi Campbel
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Farías Zamora, Camilo Ernesto; Vidaurre, Miguel Angel
Este estudio se inspira en el intento por buscar e identificar una o más maneras que tiene el cine para representar a protagonistas transexuales o transgénero y el tipo de relación que conlleva serlo con el ambiente en el cual se desarrolla
La representante de la tercera edad en el cine de Maite Alberti
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Otsu del Río, Magdalena Paz; Vidaurre, Miguel Angel
Este trabajo de investigación busca identificar que lo que podría ser una buena representación de la vejez y la tercera edad en el medio audiovisual chileno. A través de la visión de la documentalista Maite Alberdi, cuyo trabajo cinematográfico se ha centrado en gran parte en adultos mayores.
Para improvisar hay que prepararse: Estrategias de planificación, guion y filmación del cine documental de autor de Bettina Perut e Iván Osnovikoff
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Cifuentes Vejar, Felipe Cosme; Estévez Baeza, Antonella
Fuera de campo del momento histórico: Nuevas propuestas en el cine latinoamericano para contextualizar la dictadura
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Tapia Donoso, Felipe; Schüler Besa, Francisco