Repositorio Institucional
Nuestra plataforma Reúne, conserva y difunde la producción intelectual en formato digital de estudiantes, académicos e investigadores de la Universidad del Desarrollo. Es una plataforma web colaborativa diseñada y administrada por el Sistema de Bibliotecas, en el que participan las unidades académicas como proveedoras de contenido, ejerciendo el rol de editor en su respectiva “comunidad” Leer Más...
¿Qué estás buscando?
Recent Submissions
Oscar a mejor montaje 2021: Ritmo, orden, cortes y narrador
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Garabito, Camila; Pulido, Sofía; Estévez Baeza, Antonella
The Behavioral Foundations of Rule Compliance under Resource Scarcity: An Experimental Approach to Common-Pool Resource Governance
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Gobierno, 2026) Molina Monje, Alejandra Isabel; Rivera Salazar, Diego
Scarcity is a central feature of many common pool resource (CPR) systems, yet little is known about how its different forms influence individuals’ willingness to follow collective rules. This thesis examines the behavioral mechanisms that sustain compliance under resource stress, combining controlled laboratory experiments with a field experiment conducted with members of Water User Associations in central Chile. By conceptualizing scarcity as unmet demand, the thesis distinguishes among exogenous scarcity arising from external constraints, endogenous scarcity resulting from others’ overuse, and collective scarcity based on information about system-wide shortfalls.
The laboratory study identifies distinct mechanisms for each type of scarcity. Exogenous scarcity reduces compliance by narrowing cognitive focus, while endogenous scarcity activates negative reciprocity that increases rule violations. These processes show how scarcity alters perceptions of fairness, expectations about others’ behavior, and the cognitive foundations of cooperation. The field experiment evaluates whether these mechanisms also operate in real water governance contexts. The results mirror the laboratory findings and show that institutional experience moderates some responses. Water User Association members are more sensitive to collective scarcity cues, reflecting the role of lived experience and social learning. A methodology is also proposed to incorporate these behavioral mechanisms into sociohydrological models.
These studies show that scarcity influences behavior in CPR systems in ways that are empirically grounded and highly relevant for environmental governance and socio-hydrology. The findings indicate that compliance depends not only on incentives or enforcement but also on psychological and social responses that evolve over time. Integrating these dynamics into sociohydrological models will improve resilience predictions and support the design of more adaptive water governance institutions under climatic uncertainty.
Influence of Childhood Environment on Risky Decision-Making in Adulthood: A Life History Theory and Adaptive Calibration Model Approach
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Gobierno, 2026) Guzmán Lavín, Eugenio José; Polo Rodrigo, Pablo
This dissertation examines how distinct dimensions of childhood adversity—specifically environmental harshness (resource scarcity) and unpredictability (environmental instability)—relate to risk-taking behavior in adulthood. Grounded in Life History Theory and the Adaptive Calibration Model, the study explores whether early environmental conditions calibrate behavioral responses to uncertainty, and whether these effects depend on contextual, individual, and task-related factors.
Across two empirical studies, the research employs behavioral measures of risk-taking, including the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and a lottery-based decision paradigm. Study 1 investigates the direct and moderated associations between childhood environments and adult risk propensity, considering life-history trade-offs and current environmental conditions. Study 2 extends this framework by incorporating acute stress manipulation and examining attachment orientations as a mediating mechanism, while also testing for nonlinear relationships.
Overall, findings do not support a consistent or domain-general association between childhood adversity and adult risk-taking. Instead, results reveal heterogeneous and context-dependent patterns, with effects varying according to stress conditions, task structure, and individual differences. Evidence of nonlinear relationships further suggests that simple linear models may obscure important variability across levels of adversity.
These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of risk-taking as a flexible and context-sensitive behavior, shaped by the interaction between early-life experiences and current environmental demands. The dissertation highlights the importance of integrating evolutionary frameworks with experimental approaches to better capture the complexity of human decision-making.
Análisis descriptivo de la mortalidad por cáncer de bronquios y pulmón en Chile, una mirada epidemiológica de 20 años (2002-2022)
(2026) Labbé, Adolfo; Barra, Catalina; Morales, Alexander; Silva, Daniela; Ayavire, Oylen; Aguirre, Christopher;
Introducción: El cáncer de bronquios y pulmón es una neoplasia maligna que se origina a partir del epitelio de los bronquios o del parénquima pulmonar. Objetivo: Establecer la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de bronquios y pulmón durante el periodo 2002 a 2022 en Chile. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Se analizaron las defunciones por cáncer de bronquios y pulmón (código C34 CIE-10) registradas en Chile en el periodo 2002-2022, según datos oficiales del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud. Se consideraron las variables: causa de muerte, sexo, edad y región. Las tasas de mortalidad se calcularon utilizando las proyecciones poblacionales del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Resultado: Se registraron 59.720 defunciones por cáncer de bronquios y pulmón, con una tasa de mortalidad promedio de 15,39 por 100.000 habitantes. La mortalidad fue mayor en hombres (19,02) que en mujeres (11,79). La mayor tasa de mortalidad se observó en adultos mayores (mayor o igual a 65 años) con 78,67 por 100.000 habitantes. A nivel regional, Antofagasta presentó la mayor tasa (26,45), mientras que Ñuble y La Araucanía evidenciaron las más bajas. Discusión: La tendencia creciente de la mortalidad refleja la persistencia del tabaquismo, el envejecimiento poblacional y factores ambientales regionales. La baja sobrevida a cinco años y el diagnóstico tardío refuerzan la urgencia de implementar programas de detección precoz. Conclusión: Este estudio evidencia una alta carga en la mortalidad por cáncer pulmonar en Chile. Se requieren políticas públicas integradas para mejorar la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.
Introduction: Bronchus and lung cancer is a malignant neoplasm originating from the bronchial epithelium or pulmonary parenchyma. Objective: To establish the mortality rate from bronchus and lung cancer in Chile between 2002 and 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted. Deaths from bronchus and lung cancer (ICD-10 code C34) recorded in Chile from 2002 to 2022 were analyzed, based on official data from the Department of Statistics and Health Information. The variables considered were: cause of death, sex, age, and region. Mortality rate were calculated using population projections from the National Institute of Statistics. Result: A total of 59.720 deaths from lung cancer were recorded, with an average mortality rate of 15,39 per 100.000 inhabitants. Mortality was higher in men (19,02) than in women (11,79). The highest mortality rate was observed in older adults (65 years of age or older), reaching 78,67 per 100.000. Regionally, Antofagasta had the highest mortality rate (26,45), while Ñuble and La Araucanía had the lowest. Discussion: The increasing mortality trend reflects the persistence of tobacco use, population aging, and regional environmental exposures. The low five-year survival rate and delayed diagnosis emphasize the urgent need to implement early detection programs. Conclusion: This study highlights a high and rising burden of lung cancer mortality in Chile. Integrated public health policies are needed to improve prevention, early diagnosis, and timely access to treatment.
La viabilidad de una producción de largometraje de ficción desde la improvisación en el cine chileno: Acercamiento a las estrategias de producción que se distancian de lo habitual con los casos de estudio; Rey, El Club y La Casa Lobo
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Ramírez Alvarez, José Luis; Thiele, Isadora; Jordán Matesic, Alvaro
Esta tesina busca profundizar en las herramientas y metodologías de diferentes producciones que funcionaron desde la improvisación y que lograron cierto reconocimiento en importantes festivales. Específicamente, se pretende indagar en sus sistemas de producción, usando entrevistas con los realizadores de los proyectos como fuentes principales. De estas se quiere desprender las enseñanzas adquiridas de la experiencia vividas según cada película y buscando encontrar las herramienta logísticas, económicas y creativas que hayan sido funcionales en cada proyecto. Esta investigación analiza tres películas con diferentes
aproximaciones que pudieron lograr cierto prestigio artístico como lo puede ser el reconocimiento en festivales internacionales de clase A y B: Rey (Atallah, 2017), El Club (Larraín, 2015) y La Casa Lobo (León y Cociña, 2018). Estas tres películas son consideradas en esta tesina como casos de éxito a través de los cuales se busca estudiar la factibilidad y el potencial de realizar producciones cinematográficas con búsquedas y necesidades diferentes de aquello que comprenderemos en este estudio como la producción habitual. La estrategia de producción que buscamos analizar es una en la cual se desdibujan las líneas entre las etapas preestablecidas (desarrollo, preproducción, producción/rodaje y post producción), a diferencia de las producciones habituales que siguen enfáticamente estas fases.
Las buenas prácticas en la sala de edición: El trabajo del montajista y el director en la industria audiovisual chilena
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Farfán Bustamante, Cristopher; Jordán Matesic, Alvaro
Género en el género: Participación de mujeres en el área técnica en el cine chileno entre 2015 y 2018.
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Quiroz Bruce, Antonia; Contreras Bustamante, Paula(Lola); Schüler Besa, Francisco
La presente investigación se plantea identificar las áreas de participación de mujeres en departamentos técnicos del cine chileno en los largometrajes con mayor cantidad de espectadores de los géneros más vistos: drama, documental y comedia, desde el año 2015 al 2018. Hay una brecha de investigación que no documenta la relación entre un equipo técnico con líderes mujeres o participación mayoritaria de mujeres y el impacto en las audiencias que consumen cine chileno.
Buscamos inducir un diagnóstico general descriptivo a partir de las cifras investigadas y relacionarlo con el contexto nacional de la muestra a investigar. Tendremos un enfoque cuantitativo y realizaremos una demarcada investigación descriptiva. La muestra a investigar serán todos los participantes del equipo técnico de los largometrajes con más espectadores en los géneros más vistos desde el año 2015 al 2018.
Dynamic knee valgus as a predictor of graft rerupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Influence of sex and graft type
(2026) Gonzalez, Waldo; Riquelme, Juan; Barba, Diego; Erskine, Daniela; Venegas, Rodrigo; Calvo, Rafael; Figueroa, David
Introduction: Dynamic knee valgus has been identified as a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but its role in predicting graft failure or contralateral rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dynamic valgus (DV) as a predictor of graft re-rupture and contralateral ACL injury following ACLR, and to explore whether graft type influences this association.
Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted patients who underwent primary ACLR between 2020 and 2024. Patients with multiligament injuries, osteotomies, or revision surgeries were excluded. DV was measured during a standardized return-to-sport (RTS) drop jump test. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations with graft rerupture and contralateral ACL injury, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and graft type. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluated discriminative ability.
Results: A total of 137 patients completed follow-up at a mean of 3.0 ± 1.2 years. Most patients were male (75.9%), with a mean age of 26.7 years. Ten patients (7.3%) sustained a graft re-rupture and nine (6.6%) a contralateral rupture. The DV was an independent predictor of graft rerupture (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.15). In sex-stratified analyses, this association was statistically significant only among men (aOR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02-1.24), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76. A threshold between 18° and 20° yielded a balanced sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 73%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in DV were observed across graft types.
Conclusion: DV is an independent predictor of graft rerupture after ACLR, particularly among men, where valgus angles above 18-20° markedly increase the risk of failure. These findings support the integration of DV assessment into postoperative follow-up to identify high-risk patients and to inform graft selection and rehabilitation strategies.
Level of evidence: III
Perfil antropométrico y consumo de suplementos deportivos en atletas de kickboxing en Concepción
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 2025) Chamorro, Pablo; Cordero, Francisco; Díaz, Joaquín; Hormazábal, Edison; Carías, Diamela
Impact of body mass index on robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty outcomes: A retrospective cohort analysis
(2025) Gonzalez, Waldo; Calvo, Rafael; Figueroa, David; Isla, Jorge; Landea, Daniela; Tapia, Camila
Introduction: Obesity is a growing global health concern and a known risk factor in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). With an increasing number of obese patients requiring TKA, it is essential to understand how obesity influences clinical outcomes and complication rates. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes and complications in patients undergoing robotic-assisted TKA (RA-TKA).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 216 patients aged ≥18 years who underwent RA-TKA between 2019 and 2023, with a minimum postoperative follow-up of one year. Patients were stratified into three body mass index (BMI) categories: <25, 25-29, and ≥30 kg/m2. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables-including tourniquet use and time, implant type, hospital stay, and complications-were compared. Statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05).
Results: Two hundred sixteen patients (91.5% follow-up rate) were evaluated at a mean of 34 months, postoperatively. No statistically significantly difference was found among the BMI groups in terms of age, sex, use of tourniquet, hospital stay, or use of stem implants. A statistically significant difference was observed only in the group of BMI <25 kg/m2 regarding arthrofibrosis. When patients were grouped as a BMI <35 vs a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, a higher complication rate was noted in the ≥35 kg/m2 group (18.2% versus 7.2%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09).
Conclusions: This study found that the difference was not statistically significant in the overall rate of postoperative complications among patients with obesity undergoing RA-TKA. However, a nonsignificant trend toward a higher complication rate was observed in patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Interestingly, a statistically significant increase in arthrofibrosis was found in patients with BMI <25 kg/m2, a finding that contrasts with the current literature.
Level of evidence: Level III.
Reproducción de roles y estereotipos femeninos y maternales en el cine de terror de los últimos 20 años
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2022) Burnett Soto, Javi; Merino Olave, Carolina Andrea; Jordan Matesic, Alvaro
El recorrido de las productoras de animación chilenas. Desde un cortometraje hasta un largometraje estrenado comercialmente: el caso de PunkRobot y Lunes.
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Vilches Pardo, Valentina; Morales Cortés, Marcelo
El montaje de Carlos Piaggio: Análisis de Ya No Basta con Rezar y Palomita Blanca
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Oyarzún Fernández, Antonio Javier; Morales Cortés, Marcelo
Experimental en fílmico: El caso de CEIS8. Análisis Reflexivo en torno a los usos del Cine Experimental
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Bahamondes González, Sebastián Cristóbal; Morales Cortés, Marcelo
Normalización de la violencia de género cotidiana en el cine chileno de los años 2000 a 2020
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Quintana Saldívar, Daniel Alejandro; Estévez Baeza, Antonella
Return to sports and recreational activities after patellofemoral arthroplasty: A systematic review
(2025) Arteaga, José; Poblete, Eduardo; Martin, Fernando; Domecq, Gabriel; Figueroa, David
Importance: Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) is an established treatment for isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. However, evidence regarding postoperative activity levels and return to sport (RTS) remains limited.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate RTS and recreational activity rates following PFA, identify factors influencing these outcomes, and report associated complications.
Evidence review: A systematic search was conducted in June 2024 across PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Search terms included variations of “patellofemoral arthroplasty,” “physical activity,” and “return to sport.” Studies were included if they reported RTS outcomes following PFA. Studies lacking RTS data or isolated PFA results were excluded. From 492 records, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria.
Findings: Seven studies (2 prospective and 5 retrospective) comprising 265 patients (281 knees; 64.6% women; mean age: 48.9 years) were included, with a mean follow-up of up to 5.3 years. RTS definitions varied, with reported rates ranging from 64.7% to 91%. Low-impact sports were more commonly resumed, and 58.6% of patients returned to sport within six months. Among those who returned, 74.8% reached or exceeded their preoperative activity level. Postoperative pain improved (visual analog scale scores decreased from 6.3 to 2.7), although up to 38.6% of patients reported pain limiting activity. Conversion to total knee arthroplasty occurred in 6.3% to 13% of cases, and reoperation rates ranged from 10.4% to 25%. Limitations included inconsistent RTS definitions, heterogeneous outcome reporting, and use of non-standardized questionnaires.
Conclusions: RTS and recreational activity after PFA can be resumed by most patients, especially low-impact activities. Pain management should be actively addressed. High-quality studies with standardized RTS definitions are needed to evaluate the long-term impact of activity on implant survival.
Relevance: RTS after PFA is safe and achievable. A personalized approach is essential to optimize RTS and manage patient expectations.
Evidence level: III.
Poética de La Espera: La Construcción de la Espera Cinematográfica en el Cine Latinoamericano Actual
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Naretto Alfaro, Raimundo Jesús; Estévez Baeza, Antonella
Return-to-sport tests: Do they reduce risk of re-rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?
(2026) Figueroa, David; Gonzalez, Waldo; Landea, Daniela; Tapia, Camila; Erskine, Daniela
Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common knee injuries. Despite the effectiveness of reconstruction, re-rupture rates of up to 15 % have been reported. Static and dynamic test of strength and movement control have been used to determine when return to sports (RTS) is appropriate.
Objective: To determine whether successfully passing return to sport (RTS) tests reduces the re-rupture rate.
Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) from June 2018 to May 2023, and who performed RTS tests after rehabilitation, were analyzed. Patients who, in addition to ACLR, underwent extra-articular tenodesis, osteotomy, or multiligament injuries were excluded. RTS tests included the following: repeat sprint ability, dynamic valgus, proagility, unilateral counter movement jump (CMJ), isokinetic, triple hop test, and functional movement screen (FMS). All statistical analyses were performed with STATA version 18.0.
Results: Ninety five patients underwent RTS tests after ACLR, with a follow-up time of 27.8 months. 71.6 % of patients were men with a mean age of 25.15 ± 10.7 years. The overall re-rupture rate was 13.68 % (13 patients). When comparing patients who passed and did not pass the RTS tests, there were no differences by sex (p = 0.06) or age (p = 0.11). The only statistically significant difference between the groups was the mean risk score (passed: 11.5 ± 0.7 vs. not passed: 15.5 ± 2.1; p < 0.001). Patients with re-rupture were more likely to be from the non-passed group (passed: 0 % v/s not passed: 18.1 %; p = 0.03), with a statistical power of 0.70.
Conclusion: Our records show that passing RTS test after an ACLR could guarantee the absence of re-rupture in the medium term
Representación y diversidad en el retrato de la adulta y adulto mayor en el cine chileno (2015-2021): Un estudio reciente sobre la experiencias de la vejez por medio de la cinematografía nacional documental.
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Durán Barrios, Francisca; Estévez Baeza, Antonella
El financiamiento del cine chileno
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Comunicaciones, 2021) Lamoza Espinoza, José Andrés; López Hermida Russo, Alberto